联合国气候变化谈判磋商与决策规则研究

由于俄罗斯等国家的坚持，《联合国气候变化框架公约》（简称公约）史上出现了最严重的议程之争，暴露出近年来公约进程较为突出的决策程序与规则问题，这对联合国气候变化进程的未来有着较直接的影响。研究试图深入系统分析俄罗斯等国提出的三类主张的实质，即磋商基本规则、谈判授权，特别是作为决策手段的协商一致与投票问题，对不同类型的问题提出了不同的评价以及未来前景分析。研究指出，对待程序与法律问题应从联合国气候变化进程的最终目标，特别是其追求建立并履行公正、合理的国际制度之宗旨出发，从争端的真实背景与价值观入手，并指出民主、公开透明、缔约方驱动的磋商基本规则，以及协商一致这一基本决策手段，以此继续长期作为公约进程的主导方向。

Analysis of Legal and Procedure Issues of the UN Climate Change Negotiation Process

The United Nations climate change negotiation is one of the most important multilateral processes in the past 20 years, which has been the center of interest of the international society. The latest debate on legal and procedural issues triggered by Russia, Ukraine and Belarus in 2013 shows that the rules and procedures on decision making process have become one of the major challenges for current and the future negotiations. The analysis is based on the ultimate objective of the UN process as well as its core value. Three different issues have been explored including the mandate, the rules and the decision making approaches. The research concludes that transparency, party-driven and consensus will continue to be the primary principles and decision making rule for the UNFCCC in future.