欧盟将民航运输纳入欧盟排放交易体系问题探析

按照欧盟法律,自2012年1月1日起在欧盟境内起降的航班排放将被纳入欧盟排放交易系统。通过详细解读欧盟这一法律,指出欧盟排放交易体系是典型的"上限-交易"系统,即通过规定排放上限与进行配额交易实现减排目标。欧盟此举本质目的是强化气候变化主导权,最终为经济谋利,加快完善欧盟碳交易市场以建设欧元货币权力体系。其结果可能引发其与《联合国气候变化框架公约》及《京都议定书》等国际法之间的法律冲突,购买配额将对民航运输发展造成制约,"可测量、可报告和可核实"将对发展中国家能力建设提出挑战,并将一定程度影响《联合国气候变化框架公约》下的行业减排谈判走向。

A Study on EU's Inclusion of Civil Aviation into EU Emission Trading System

EU would include all flights from and to EU airports into EU Emission Trading System(ETS) since Jan.1st,2012 in the light of Directive 2008/101/EC.This paper elaborates the relevant EU legislation and policy and points out that EU ETS is a typical "cap and trade"system to limit the greenhouse gas emissions by means of regulating emission cap and trading allowances.Based on such an elaboration,this paper concludes that EU’s unilateral extension of EU ETS to international aviation will strengthen the climate change initiative to benefit EU economic interests in the end,and establish the monetary power system of EURO by accelerating improvement of EU’s carbon market.As well,such an action will not only induce legal conflicts with United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol,but also constrain the growth of the international air transport owing to buying extra allowances,challenge the capacity building in developing countries through Measure,Report and Verify(MRV) and to some extent impact the UNFCCC negotiations on the sectoral approach.