制造业活动地理转移视角下的中国产业集群问题

在简要回顾产业集群理论的基础上,在制造业活动地理转移的视角下,结合案例重新审视了我国劳动密集型产业集群的形成及发展.作者认为,一些锁定在低成本竞争的集群正在或已经老化,甚至衰亡.另一些集群中的企业有过度集聚的问题,还有一些中小企业集聚的区域根据产业特征需要增加产业集中度.因为集群的这些问题,随成本上升,出现了集群中企业的加工制造环节外移的现象.这种现象挑战了新产业区理论中集群是"在流动的全球空间中的粘结的区位"的观点.根据集群中企业外移现象,就产业承接地的规划和发展,以及转出地那些正在升级的集群的地理稳定性和生产者服务业的发展问题,提出了几点看法.

Problems of Industrial Clusters in China: A Perspective of Relocation of Manufacturing Activities

After briefly reviewing western industrial cluster theories,labor-intensive clusters in China are re-analyzed in a perspective of geographical dispersion of manufacturing activities.The paper illustrated that some clusters locked in low-cost competitions are/were declining;some factories are over-agglomerated;industrial concentration degrees in some clusters need increase.In the new era,manufacturing activities in these clusters relocated elsewhere.Theoretically,this new phenomenon challenges the point of view that a cluster is "sticky space in slippery place".Practically,for destinations of manufacturing activities,new manufacturing zones' planning and development have been put forward;for original locality of manufacturing activities,geographical stability of upgrading clusters and development of producer services must be considered.