塔里木盆地北缘绿洲土地利用与生态系统服务价值的时空变化研究——以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例

生态系统服务价值的研究是目前生态学研究的热点之一。应用Costanza生态系统服务价值计算公式,采用谢高地等人的中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表,分析了1996—2004年渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲土地利用的时空变化,并计算由此导致的生态系统服务价值及其结构的时空变化,结果表明:①1996—2004年,渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲总ESV增加,但生态系统服务价值结构变化较大,生态系统提供某些单项服务的功能相对减弱。②1996—2004年,原材料服务功能价值比例上升最多,废物处理服务功能价值比例下降最多。③1996—2004年,渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲各县生态系统服务价值结构都发生了不同程度的变化。库车县、沙雅县、新和县水源涵养、废物处理、娱乐休闲服务功能价值比例均减少,其中水源涵养服务功能价值比例下降最多。④敏感性分析表明,ESV对生态价值系数缺乏弹性,研究结果可信,说明本研究采用的谢高地生态价值系数是合理的。

Spatial-Temporal Changes of Land Use and Ecosystem Services Value in the North of Tarim Basin: A case study on the Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis

Ecosystem services value (ESV) has been one of the hottest issues in the field of ecology. The researches of ESV have greatly advanced in its theory, assessment scale and evaluation methods but its results were applied little. This paper took the Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis as a case to analyze the spatial-temporal changes of land use and to examine their effect on the spatial-temporal changes of ecosystem services value (ESV). The methods are based on the Constanza's ecosystem service value (ESV) theory and the ecosystem service value coefficients of different Chinese ecosystem types published by Xie Gao-di. The following results and conclusions have been obtained: ①From 1996 to 2004, the total value of ecosystem services of the Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis increased, however, there were some changes in the structure of ecosystem services value and the function of ecosystem services. ②The rate of primary material services value had the greatest increase from 1996 to 2004, whereas the rate of waste disposal services value had the greatest decrease. Thereinto, the rate of food production services value had the greater decrease during 2000—2004, because that the cultivated land with higher food produce value coefficient decreased. ③The ecosystem service value structure changed differentially in counties on the delta oasis. The proportion of water conservation, waste disposal and fallow recreation services value all decreased in Kuqa, Shaya and Xinhe County, especially the water conservation services value decreased at most. ④The sensitivity analysis suggested that these estimates are relatively reasonable. The sensitivity coefficients by Xie Gao-di are suitable for application in the study area.