海洋环境适应性保障技术研究进展

原位观测是海洋环境观监测与安全保障的基础手段，对提升海洋环境时空变化规律的认识和数值预报水平起着至关重要的作用。但是实施基于原位观测的海洋环境保障措施存在覆盖范围有限、观测成本高昂，以及非常时期实施困难等问题。随着海洋强国战略的深入推进，未来国家海洋利益空间将不断拓展，海洋环境保障的立体性、复杂性、未知性将不断增强，这对系统化、信息化、智能化的海洋环境保障提出了更高要求。当前有效解决方案之一是通过实施环境适应性保障对有限的原位观测资源布局进行优化设计，最大化海洋环境观测网建设效益。本文系统介绍了美国海军在海洋环境适应性保障建设方面的成果与经验，通过海上试验展现了实施海洋环境适应性保障措施的必要性和优越性，随后梳理了高分辨率海洋水文环境数值模拟技术、海洋水文环境适应性观测敏感区诊断技术、无人移动平台协同组网观测技术及无人移动平台观测资料同化技术等海洋环境适应性保障建设涉及的关键技术及其发展现状，最后总结了我国在海洋环境适应性保障建设方面的研究进展。作为一项复杂的系统工程，海洋环境适应性保障将有助于颠覆传统海洋环境保障模式，牵引我国海洋环境保障装备发展，推动相关研究领域理论和技术进步，对我国海洋环境保障体系建设产生深远影响。

Advances in research on the development of marine environment adaptability guarantee technology

As a fundamental tool for marine environmental guarantee, in-situ observation facilitates our understanding of temporal-spatial changes in marine environment and improves the accuracy of numerical forecasting. However, marine environmental guarantee based on in-situ observation has limited coverage, incurs high costs, and is difficult to be carried out in harsh weather conditions. As China strives to become a strong maritime country and its maritime interests expand, it will be faced with greater complexities and uncertainties in marine environmental guarantee, which demands a more intelligent system. A current effective solution is to improve the layout of the limited in-situ observation resources through environmental adaptive guarantee, to maximize the benefits of marine environment observation networks. This paper introduces the achievements and experiences of the US military in marine environmental guarantee, and demonstrates the necessity and advantages of such guarantee through marine experiments. The paper then sorts through key technologies of marine environmental adaptive guarantee and their development status, including high-resolution numerical simulation technology, sensitive area identification technology, collaborative unmanned mobile platform-network observation technology, and observation data assimilation technology of unmanned mobile platform, etc. Finally, this paper summarizes the research progress of China in marine environmental adaptive guarantee. Marine environmental adaptive guarantee will challenge the traditional model, facilitate the development of China`s marine environmental guarantee equipment, promote theoretical and technological progress in related fields, and insert a profound impact on the construction of China`s marine environmental guarantee system.