我国煤系石墨研究及资源开发利用前景

煤系石墨属于特殊的非典型晶质矿物，多为隐晶质石墨，既是石墨矿产的重要组成部分，也是煤系综合矿产的一种。煤系石墨与煤层为同层异矿，煤向石墨演化的实质在元素组成上表现为富碳、去氢和脱氧，在分子结构上表现为有序化增强和石墨晶体结构的逐渐形成。煤岩组分、岩浆热和地质构造等均对煤成石墨化作用具有重要的影响，在多因素综合作用下，煤系石墨成矿常表现出差异石墨化特征。从煤系石墨成矿机理入手，提出了以化学组成参数为基础指标，以结构参数为精确指标的煤系石墨鉴别指标体系；从资源评价需求出发，将不同演化程度的煤系石墨划分为Ⅰ级（石墨）、Ⅱ级（半石墨）和Ⅲ级（石墨化无烟煤）等3类。煤系石墨的形成与岩浆活动和挤压性构造环境密切相关，受区域性构造-岩浆带控制，煤系石墨分布具有方向性、递变性、集中成带的特点，成矿区带呈现出“一纵三横”的分布特点，划分为滨太平洋成矿域、南岭成矿域、秦岭-大别山成矿域和阴山-燕山成矿域和9个成矿带。分析了我国煤系石墨资源现状，指出由于我国煤炭资源丰富和赋煤区构造-热叠加作用显著，煤系石墨资源潜力巨大。煤系石墨开发利用对于增强石墨矿产的战略保障能力、促进煤系矿产资源合理开发利用和推动煤炭企业转型升级等均具有重要意义。分析了当前煤系石墨矿产资源开发利用方面存在的问题，提出了相应的政策建议。 

The research status and prospect of coal-based graphite in China

Coal-based graphite is regarded as a special and non-typical crystalline mineral and belongs to amorphous graphite, which is both the important part of graphite resources and also one of parts of coal measures mineral resources. Coal and coal-based graphite are two different mineral resources which occur at the same place. The graphitization of coal essentially show carbon enrichement and hydrogen and oxygen exclusion in elementary composition and increase of structural ordering degree and the formation of graphite crystals. Coal macerals, magmatic intrusion and geological structure are all critical factors for coal graphitization, which present different characteristics under the influence of multiple factors. Based on the research of the graphitization mechanism, the identification system for coal-based graphite, including the basic index of chemical parameters and the precise index of structural parameters was presented;in view of the demand of resource assessment, the coal-based graphite with different graphitization degree was separately divided into three grades as grade-Ⅰ(coal-based graphite), grade-Ⅱ(semi-graphite) and grade-Ⅲ(graphitized anthracite). The formation and distribution of coal-based graphite is closely related to the magmatic intrusions and compressional tectonic environment, which shows characteristics of direction, degradation and centralized mineralization in belt. The coal-based graphite metallogenic regions show one vertical and three horizontal patterns, including the circum Pacific metallogenic region, Nanling metallogenic region, Qinling-Dabie metallogenic region, Yinshan-Yanshan metallogenic region and nine metallogenic belts. The research status of coal-based graphite in China was analyzed, the result shows that there are enormous potential resources in China based on the abundant coal resources and the intense influence of tectonic and magmatic thermal in several coal bearing areas. The development and application of coal-based graphite has important sense to strengthen the strategic guarantee ability of graphite resources, promote the rational exploitation and utilization of coal series resources and promote the transformation and upgrading of coal enterprises. The problems of exploitation and utilization of coal-based graphite were analyzed and corresponding policies and suggestions were presented.