喀斯特山区先锋植物叶片解剖特征及其生态适应性评价--以贵州花江峡谷区为例

通过研究贵州西南部典型喀斯特植被退化区花江峡谷植被现状,选取具一定经济价值和推广价值的先锋植物,采用生物显微制片技术与数理统计方法相结合,报导了6科10种分属不同生活型的植物叶片的解剖结构特征,并进行了比较和解剖因子分析。结果表明研究区喀斯特先锋植物叶片在不同种类之间具有明显差异,这些差异除受遗传因子控制外,环境因子(主要为光照和水分)也有重要作用;生活型不同对先锋植物叶片特征有一定影响,但未表现出规律性。根据叶片适应特征的差异,10种先锋植物可分为3种类型,即旱生或阳生叶类型的构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、火棘(pyracantha fortuneana)、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、白三叶(Trifolium repens);偏中生叶类型(香椿的Toona sirensis)、顶坛花椒(Zanthaxylum pinum var．dingtanensis)、黔滇木蓝(In-digofera esquirolii)、忍冬(Lomicera japonica)、紫云英(Astragalus sinicus);偏阴生叶类型的繁缕(Stellaria media)。

Leaf Anatomical Characters and Its Ecological Adaptation of the Pioneer Species in the Karst Mountain Area--With a Special Reference to the Huajiang Canyon of Guizhou

The authors choose some volunteer plants with some economic values in Huajiang Canyon with a typical degraded vegetation area in southwest Guizhou. The ecological adaptations and leaf characters of 10 species of pioneer plant (belong to 6 families) were studied in Huajiang gorge, Guizhou Province. Combining the methods of mathematical statistics with biological sectioning technology. The results are as follows: despite the mesophyte leaf form of the ten pioneer species there were significant differences in leaf anatomical characters among them and some differences among different plants of an individual. These differences are mainly controlled by genetic factors, but environmental factors (mainly light and water or humidity) also had an important influence on them and these may oppose forms required in living methods. Based on leaf adaptive characters the 10 species may be divided into 3 adaptive kinds: sun-adapted taxa or xerophytes (Broussonetia papyrifera, Pyracantha fortuneana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Trifolium repens); mesophytes (Toona sinensis, Zanthoxylum planispinum var.dingtanensis, Indigofera esquirolii, Lonicera japonica, Astragalus sinicus); and shade-adapted taxa (Stellaria media).