1954-2016年阿勒泰市春季寒潮过程频数及强度气候特征

利用阿勒泰基准气候站日最低气温资料，资料长度从1954年到2016年的春季（每年2月26日至5月31日，共计63年），以日最低气温及其降温幅度为指标，整理出阿勒泰市63年寒潮过程数据库，分析阿勒泰市近63a来寒潮过程的频数以及强度相关6个指标的气候特征，结果表明：（1）1954～2016年春季（3～5月）阿勒泰市共发生寒潮天气过程226次，平均每年发生3.6次。3月平均每年出现1.8次， 4月1.1次，5月0.7次。共有17a为寒潮发生异常偏少年份，16a为异常偏多年份。3月上旬和3月中旬为寒潮天气过程发生最多的时段。（2）春季寒潮频数以每10a/0.1次的速率在递减。月际尺度上，3月和5月发生寒潮天气过程递减，4月递增。年代际1950年代最多，2010-2016年最少。（3）春季寒潮天气过程持续日数在1～7d，其中持续2d的寒潮过程最多，占春季寒潮过程的49%。持续时间在1～3d的寒潮天气过程占92%。（4）春季寒潮降温过程平均降温幅度为-12.7℃，降温幅度平均值最大在3月。最大24h、48h和72h降温幅度平均值分别为-8.9℃、-12.5℃和-14.3℃。（5）春季寒潮降温过程最低气温平均值为-11.8℃。寒潮降温过程最低气温平均距平值为-7.6℃。

Characteristics of frequency, intensity and climate of cold wave in Aletai 1954-2016a

the Aletai climate stations daily minimum temperature data, length of data from 1954 to 2016 in spring (February 26th to May 31st each year, a total of 63 years), the daily minimum temperature and cooling rate as the index, sorting out the database of cold wave process in Aletai city for 63 years, the climate characteristics of Aletai City, the recent 63A cold wave process the frequency and intensity of 6 index results showed that: (1) 1954 to the spring of 2016 (3 ~ May) occurred in Aletai city during the cold weather 226 times, the average annual 3.6. In March, it averaged 1.8 times per year, 1.1 in April and 0.7 in May. A total of 17a were abnormal juvenile cold waves, and 16A was abnormally long. In the early March and mid March, the cold wave weather occurred most frequently. (2) the frequency of cold wave in spring decreases at the rate of 10a/0.1 per second. On the interannual scale, the cold wave process decreased in March and May, increasing in April. Decadal 1950s is the largest, at least 2010-2016 years. (3) the daily duration of cold wave in spring is between 1 and 7d, and the cold wave which lasts for 2D is the most, accounting for 49% of the cold wave in spring. The cold weather process lasted 1 ~ 3D, accounting for 92%. (4) the average cooling range of the cold wave in spring was -12.7 degrees, and the average value of cooling range was the largest in March. The average cooling range of maximum 24h, 48h and 72h are -8.9, -12.5 and -14.3, respectively. (5) the minimum temperature during spring cold wave is -11.8 centigrade. The average value of minimum temperature during cold wave is -7.6 centigrade.