建筑物震害多源遥感特征与机理分析

随着遥感信息源的不断增加，多种遥感数据被用于详细判读建筑物的震害情况.为准确判读震害等级与建立震害自动识别模式，本文收集整理了汶川地震震区的震害遥感图像，通过目视判读、图像处理、统计分析，重点分析了各类震害建筑物在光学影像中的特征表现、在合成孔径雷达图像中的成像机理特征以及在激光雷达图像中的三维特征.在此基础上构建了建筑物简化模型，并联合光学影像和雷达图像对震害建筑物的影像特征剖面予以分析.结果显示:光学遥感图像色彩信息符合人眼色觉原理，具有较好的直观判读效果；合成孔径雷达图像能够记录地物侧面、表面的粗糙程度和角反射特点，信息量丰富但不直观；激光雷达图像能获取建筑物的三维信息，因此震害评估工作中需有效地综合利用多源遥感数据，才能实现最佳的判识效果. 

Multi-source remote sensing characteristics and mechanism analyses of building seismic damages

With the increasing of remote sensing information sources, a variety of remote sensing data are used to interpret the seismic damage of buildings in seismic damage assessment. In order to accurately interpret the seismic damage grade and establish the automatic identification model, this paper focuses on the analyses of the characteristics of all kinds of buildings in the optical images, the imaging characteristics of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, and the three-dimensional characteristics of the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) images by means of visual interpretation, image processing, statistical analyses after collecting the remote sensing images of the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and M_S7.1 Yushu earthquake in 2010. Furthermore, several simplified models of the building are constructed, and the profile features of the images involving many kinds destroyed building are analyzed in combination with the images from optical and radar sensors. The related study results show that the color information from optical remote sensing image is in accordance with the human eye color principle, which is propitious to obtain better interpretation of results; the SAR image can reflect the features of side/surface roughness and angle reflection; LiDAR image can obtain the three-dimensional information of the building. Therefore, the multi-source remote sensing data should be integrated effectively so as to achieve the best effect in seismic damage assessment.