Sulfur dioxide in rain clouds: Gas-liquid scavenging efficiencies and wet deposition rates in the presence of formaldehyde |
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Authors: | Peter Warneck |
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Institution: | (1) Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (Otto-Hahn-Institut), D-6500 Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany |
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Abstract: | The interaction of formaldehyde with SO2 dissolved in the aqueous phase of clouds leads to the formation of hydroxymethane sulfonate. The impact of this process upon the gas-liquid equilibrium distribution of SO2 in rain clouds and the ensuing wet SO2 precipitation rate is explored. Model vertical SO2 distributions are derived from observational data for three atmospheric regions: continental polluted, continental remote, and marine. The wet deposition rate for SO2 in the polluted atmosphere increases by about a factor of two in the presence of formaldehyde compared with its absence. The effect is much stronger in the remote atmosphere leading to a potentially significant enhancement of wet SO2 deposition. In the marine atmosphere, wet deposition of SO2 may contribute as much as 35% to the total removal rate for SO2 by all processes including dry deposition and chemical conversion to sulfate. |
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Keywords: | Formaldehyde sulfur dioxide wet deposition in-cloud scavenging |
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