近百年湖北省湖泊演变特征研究

利用20世纪初以来的地图、历史文献资料和1986～2005年期间7年不同时相的TM影像数据,采用遥感和地理信息系统技术和方法,分析近百年湖北省湖泊的时空演变特征。研究结果表明:①近100多年来,湖北省湖泊演化可以分为4个阶段,并且具有明显的地域差异性。②20世纪初期,湖北省湖泊面积约为26000km2,到2005年为3025.6km2,仅为百年前的11.64%;近百年来绝大部分湖泊面积都在缩小,部分湖泊因围垦或其他原因已完全消失或变为它用,部分湖泊形态发生了较大变化;人类活动是湖北省湖泊百年变迁的主导因素。③20世纪下半叶湖北省湖泊变化迅速,湖北省湖泊面积由50年代的约8503.7km2波动减小至80年代的约2977.3km2,发生在60～80年代的围垦是造成湖泊萎缩的主要原因;从90年代开始,因重视湖泊保护和退田还湖,使湖泊萎缩的态势得到遏制,局部湖泊面积有所恢复。

Change Characteristic of Lakes in Hubei Province in the past 100 Years

Hubei province (29°05′N-33°20′N,108°21′E-116°07′E) is located in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, in which there are many types of wetlands, including lake, river, reservoir, marsh, marshy meadow and swamp etc. Among them, lake is main wetland type in the province. Using geographical maps and the documents since early 20th century, and the remote sensing images during 1986-2005, the spatial-time change characteristic of lakes in Hubei province in the past 100 years was analyzed with GIS/RS technology and methods in this paper. The results showed that ①In the early years of the 20th century, the area of the lakes was about 26 000 km~2 in Hubei province, but it decreased by 3 025.6 km~2 in 2005, which was 11.64% of the area 100-year ago. There were 1 309 lakes in Hubei province in 1950s, but, only 979 lakes existed in 2005, some lakes had vanished completely or were used for other purposes because of cultivation or other reasons. Human activities were the main factor for change of lakes in Hubei province. ②The lakes in Hubei province changed rapidly in the late 50 years of the 20th century, especially in the period of 1960s-1980s, cultivation was the main reason for the change of lakes. ③In the recent 100 years, the lakes in Hubei province had not only an obvious evolution for 4 stages, but also a clear regional difference, especially in the Jianghan Plain.