塔里木盆地原油中的微化石与油源岩形成环境

本文基于塔里木盆地原油中发现的８９属１８３种孢子花粉化石和１６属２７种菌藻类化石的研究，通过孢粉化石的油源对比确认中代陆相油源的重要贡献、并根据孢子花粉母体植物和藻类的生态特征讨论了油源岩形成的环境。

Microfossils from Crude Oils of Tarim Basin and Sedimentary Environment of Petroleum Source Rocks

Based on the investigations of 183 species of spores and pollen referred to 89 genera and 27 species of fungi and algae referred to 16 genera found in crude oils of the Tarim Basin of China,the contribution of the Mesozoic nonmarine petroleum source is confirmed by means of the correlations between palynomorphs in petroleum and those in potential source rocks.Also,in accordance with the paleoecological characteristics reflected by the original plants producing the palynomorphs,the sedimentary environment of the petroleum source rocks is discussed in this paper. The palynomorphs in crude oils coincide in morphology,texture,size and color with those yielded from the Triassic and Jurassic black shales in the region studied.The results of the correlation between oils and rocks with palynomorphs indicate that the Middle Triassic Karamay Formation,the Upper Triassic Huangshanjie and Taliqike Formations,the Lower Jurassic Yangxia Formation,and the Middle Jurassic Kezilenuer and Qiakemake Formations should be the Petroleum source rock series in the northern Tarim Basin;the Lower Jurassic Kangsu Formation and the Middle Jurassic Yangye and Taerga Formations should be the petroleum source rock series in the southwestern Tarim Basin. The original plants of the spores and pollen found in crude oils belong to Lycopsida,Filices,Cycadopsida and Coniferae,and most of the plants grew in warm/hot and wet climates.The fact that the crude oils contain various fossil spores and pollen of terrigenous plants and a few fossil fungi and algae of aquatic plants,implies that the source rocks must have been formed in lacustrine and marsh environment.The study may come to the conclusion that lacustrine and marsh deposits under hot and wet climatic conditions might possess tremendous potentials for petroleum origin.