2000-2009年长春、吉林城市蔓延特征、效应与驱动力比较研究

经济核心区是国家和地区经济增长、城市化发展的主要空间,也是城市蔓延最为严峻的区域。长(春)吉(林)一体化地区是中国图们江区域合作开发开放的先导区和东北地区的粮食主产区,肩负着“经济增长”、“人口城镇化”和“粮食安全”等多重责任。基于2000、2005、2009年的遥感图像和相关年份的统计年鉴,结合GIS和SPSS统计工具,对长、吉城市蔓延的程度、方式、效应与驱动力因子进行了比较分析。结果表明:用地扩展水平上长春市明显强于吉林市,且吉林市还表现出明显的阶段性特征;蔓延程度上,两市都表现出集约度低下、蔓延程度大的特性;蔓延方式上,长春市以“近域推进”式蔓延为主,吉林市以“轴带扩展”式蔓延为主;蔓延效应上,都带来了一系列负面效应,但长春市程度要重;在蔓延驱动力上,工业化和投资拉动是两者共同的主导影响因子,带有明显的政府导向性特征。文中提倡城市内部土地节约集约利用、区际培育城市群以形成合理的城市规模。

Comparative analysis of characteristics, effects and driving factors of urban sprawl in Changchun-Jilin during 2000-2009

Economic core regions are the main space of national and regional economic growth and urbanization development, but at the same time face the severe problems of urban sprawl. The integrated Changchun-Jilin(Chang-Ji) region is an economic core region on a national scale, a pilot of cooperative development and opening in Tumenjiang region, and the major grain producing region in northeastern China. It shoulders multiple responsibilities such as economic growth, urbanization of population and food security. Therefore, selecting Chang-Ji as a research object for the study of urban sprawl is representative and of great practical significance. Based on remote sensing images in 2000, 2005, 2009's and Almanacs of the related years, using GIS and SPSS statistical tools, we conducted a comparative analysis on the extent, process, effects and driving factors of urban sprawl of Changchun City and Jilin City. The results show that, (1) Changchun City has a higher level of urban land expansion than Jilin City; Jilin City shows significant stage characteristics. (2) In terms of the extent of urban sprawl, both cities show a low level of land use intensity and a high level of sprawling; in Changchun City industrial development and urbanization of the population are roughly in the same pace, but in Jilin City majority of the new land is used for industrial development. (3) In regard to the process of urban sprawl, Changchun City takes the process of "neighboring areas pushing on", while Jilin City shows a process of "axle band expanding". (4) As far as the effects of urban sprawl are concerned, both cities are negatively affected, e.g., loss of ecological and life security, rapid decrease of cultivated land; the severity in Changchun City is more striking, starting to show big-city problems. (5) Industrialization and investment are the main driving factors for both cities, which show typical government-oriented characteristics, with different factors contributing various effects. In summary, the paper points out that spatial expansion of urban land of Chang-Ji twin cities are projected to eventually go through the same "pie-style" urban sprawl as Beijing City. A simple economical and intensive land use policy can't fundamentally solve the problem, therefore it is suggested to promote intensive use within the cities and cultivate regional city clusters to form a system of urban cities of reasonable sizes.