2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in soil and groundwater under a waste lagoon at the former Explosives Factory Maribyrnong (EFM), Victoria, Australia |
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Authors: | Richard Martel Timothy James Robertson Minh Quan Doan Sonia Thiboutot Guy Ampleman Arthur Provatas Thomas Jenkins |
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Institution: | (1) INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490 de la Couronne, G1K 9A9 Quebec, QC, Canada;(2) School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;(3) Air Navigation Department, Civil Aviation Administration of Vietnam, 119 Duong Nguyen Son, Quan Long Bien, Hanoi, Vietnam;(4) Department of Defence, DRDC-Valcartier, 2459, Pie XI Nord, G3J 1X5 Val-Belair, QC, Canada;(5) Department of Defence, Weapons Systems Division, DSTO, PO Box 1500, Edinburgh, Salisbury, 5111, SA, Australia;(6) Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Engineering Research and Development Center, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH 03755-1290, USA |
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Abstract: | Energetic materials contamination was investigated at the former Explosives Factory Maribyrnong, Victoria, Australia. Spectrophotometric/high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was utilised to delineate a 5 tonne crystalline 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)
source in a former process waste lagoon that was found to be supplying contaminant leachate to the surficial clay aquitard
with a maximum-recorded concentration of 7.0 ppm TNT. Groundwater within underlying sand and gravel aquifers was found to
be uncontaminated due to upward hydraulic gradients resulting in slow plume development and propagation. Adsorption and microcosm
test results from a parallel study were used as input parameters to simulate aqueous TNT transport in the clay aquitard using
ATRANS20 software. The simulated TNT plume was localised within a few metres of the source, and at steady state, though leaching
rate calculations suggest that without mitigation or other changes to the system, persistence of the source would be approximately
2,000 years. Remediation strategies may involve removal of the near surface source zone and infilling with an impermeable
capping to impede leaching while facilitating ongoing natural attenuation by anaerobic degradation. |
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Keywords: | TNT 2 4 6-Trinitrotoluene ATRANS20 Groundwater Site Contamination Lagoon |
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