海洋负排放技术及其生态治理功能前瞻

工业革命以来，人类活动导致的以二氧化碳为代表的温室气体持续排放，被认为与全球气候变化密切相关，引发诸多极端气候事件，导致海平面上升、海水酸化、海水暖化等一系列环境负面效应。海洋是地球最大的活跃碳库，增汇潜力巨大。为应对全球气候变化，人为干预海洋生态系统、促进其对大气二氧化碳额外吸收封存的海洋负排放技术体系成为国际研究热点。根据负排放技术的应用场景，目前海洋负排放技术体系涵盖侧重于生态保护和修复的滨海湿地蓝碳、侧重于环境友好型养殖产业的海水养殖环境碳汇和借助生态工程技术手段的负排放工程增汇。海洋负排放技术在实现人为增汇的同时，有望通过促进海洋生物的生长和繁殖、提高海洋生态系统的稳定性和抗干扰能力、促进海洋生态系统内部及其与陆地生态系统之间的资源循环利用，发挥其生态治理功能，从而应对海洋环流改变、海水酸化脱氧等全球海洋环境恶化以及人类活动污染的局部胁迫。

The Prospect of Ocean Negative Carbon Emission Technologies on the Ecological Improvement

Carbon dioxide anthropogenic emission have led to global warming, triggering a series of negative environmental effects such as extreme weather, rising sea level, seawater acidification and so on. Ocean is the largest active carbon pool on the planet, with huge potential for carbon dioxide removal. To address the climate crisis, technologies of ocean negative carbon emission have been presented, for the purpose of increasing ocean carbon sinks by anthropogenic processes. The current frameworks of the ocean negative carbon emission technologies can be categorized into coastal blue carbon, aquaculture carbon sink and ecological engineering approaches for negative carbon emission. While increasing oceanic carbon sink, the ocean negative carbon emission technologies are able to increase diversity and habitat complexity of marine organisms, to enhance stability of marine ecosystems, and to promote materials recycling, achieving the functions of ecological improvement. Those technologies will help marine ecosystem cope with global changes such as changing ocean circulation, acidification and deoxygenation, as well as local anthropogenic pollution.