降水测量对比试验及其主要结果

为了实现国内固态降水测量的自动化,同时了解我国降水测量与国际标准仪器DIFR间降水测量的差异,2006年中国气象局在大西沟、长春、通河气象站进行了为期近1年的降水测量对比试验。分别针对固态和液态降水分析了我国台站长期使用的普通雨量器的捕捉率大小及其与风速的简要关系、不同安装方式的雨量器间的防风效果。根据降水捕捉率及观测过程中的实际状况,对参加对比试验的7种自动化雨量计进行了性能分析,为业务上完全实现降水自动化观测而提供依据及建议。

A Comparison Experiment of Solid Precipitation Measurement and Its Primary Results

To put Chinese automatic measurement of .solid precipitation into practical effect, and to know the precipitation measurement differences between Chinese standard manual gauge and international reference instrument DIFR recommended by WMO, a comparison test of precipitation measurement was implemented at Daxigou, Changchun and Tonghe in 2006. The catch efficiency of Chinese standard manual gauge in rain and in snow is given, respectively, including the different affections of wind on rain and snow measurements. The protection results against wind of manual gauges in various installation ways are briefly analyzed. Based on catch efficiencies and some comparison observations, precipitation measurement capabilities are compared among seven types of automatic gauges. Then some bases and suggestions are given for operational automatic precipitation record.