中国陆地表层系统分区——对黄秉维先生陆地表层系统理论的学习与实践

陆地表层系统科学是黄秉维先生在钱学森院士倡导建立"地球表层学"的基础上创建的。黄秉维先生精辟地论述了陆地表层系统的研究意义、范围、内容、方法与途径,并亲自撰写了研究计划,同时十分关心科研队伍的组建。黄先生明确指出要开展陆地表层系统分区研究。在黄先生的学术思想指导下,作者对中国陆地表层进行了分区实践。采用地理学的综合与专家评判相结合的方法将中国陆地表层系统划分为9个一级区,然后利用压力-状态-响应(PSR)评价模型和模糊聚类方法,对全国344个地区的46个指标进行模糊聚类,建立了二级分区,并对各区的综合状况作了定量评价。结果表明:地貌与气候区域分异是控制我国陆地表层系统综合状况的主导因素,而由人类活动所主导的社会经济因素是控制我国陆地表层系统综合状况的第二位因素。对9个一级区的陆地表层系统状况定量评价表明:华北区、东南区与华南区的陆地表层系统状况最好,东北区居中,内蒙区、陇陕晋区与西南区较差,西北区与青藏区最差。

Division of the Terrestrial System in China:A case study from Huang's theory on terrestrial system science

In this paper, a brief review are introduced on the development of Terrestrial System Science and the significance for the study on division of the terrestrial system in China, and the objective, principle and methodology for the study on division of the terrestrial system are discussed. Based on the idea of Top-down and Bottom-up advocated by Huang Bingwei, 5 integrated divisions in China, including the Physico-geographical division, the ecological division, the potential agro-productivity division, the economic division, and the response to global warming of China, are integrated to divide the terrestrial system of China into 9 regions at the first level. Then by evaluating the Pressure, State and Response on 46 components for 344 prefectures in China with the PSR Models, the criteria in seven grades for terrestrial system status in every prefecture are established, and terrestrial system status for 9 regions are assessed. The result shows: (1) The regional differences in landforms and climate are the dominant priority to the regional terrestrial system status. (2) The socio-economical development dominated by human dimension is the secondary priority to the regional terrestrial system status. (3) For terrestrial system status in 9 regions, North China, Southeast China and South China are in better level; the Northeast China is in middle level; the Southwest China and Shanxi-Inner Mongolia- Gansu-Shanxi are in poor level; the Northwest China and Qinghai-Xizang are in the worst level.