基于降雨的昆明水库蓄水模式分析及风险研究

根据昆明国家基准气候站1988~2017年的降雨资料,以昆明松华坝水库为例,运用统计、比较等方法,通过分析降雨时空分布特征、蓄水地理环境特征等因素,将昆明水库蓄水模式分为雨季降雨最佳蓄水模式、干旱背景蓄水模式、局地强降雨蓄水模式、秋季连阴雨降雨蓄水模式和冬季降雨降雪蓄水模式5种;从降雨强度、降雨历时、降雨范围3个方面对降雨蓄水风险进行评估,得出昆明由于降雨引发的蓄水风险相对小,蓄水较为安全;昆明可通过开展常态化人工增雨,增加库塘蓄水,同时加强生态环境建设,保护蓄水环境。

ANALYSIS AND RISK STUDY ON WATER STORAGE MODEL OF KUNMING RESERVOIR BASED ON RAINFALL

Based on the rainfall data of Kunming from 1988 to 2017,taking Songhuaba Reservoir in Kunming as an example,analyzed the water storage environment of Kunming from the aspects of spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of rainfall and the characteristics of water storage geographic environment by means of statistics and comparison,and then put forward five water storage modes:the best water storage mode of rainy season rainfall and dry water storage mode.Rainfall water storage model in drought background,local strong rainfall water storage model,autumn continuous rainy rainfall water storage model and winter rainfall snow water storage model;and the risk of rainfall water storage is evaluated from three aspects of rainfall intensity,rainfall duration and rainfall scope,the results show that the risk of rainwater storage in Kunming is relatively small and the storage is relatively safe;Kunming can increase reservoir water storage by carrying out normal artificial precipitation enhancement,Strengthen the construction of ecological environment and protect the water storage environment.