南极内陆冰盖表面地貌特征监测系统设计及应用分析

南极内陆冰盖表面的特征与冰盖表面年际降雪量、冰盖表面风速有关,冰盖表面地貌特征主要包括雪面粗糙度、雪层软硬度,这些特征对内陆车队行进过程中的设备运输具有重要的参考价值。文中提出了车载自动化监测冰盖雪面特征的方法,并进行了监测系统的设计与数据分析;该系统包括以雪地车颠簸幅度代表的雪面凹凸程度(即雪面粗糙度),以GPS模块监测车辆行进距离,以激光测距监测雪地车车辙深度来表征雪面软硬度。通过数据采集系统的实时监测软件平台,实现了冰盖表面地貌特征的监测;该系统分别于2012年11月和2014年11月在中国第29次南极和31次南极考察中进行了监测应用,通过对以上监测数据的分析,初步给出了中山站至昆仑站沿途的冰盖表面粗糙度及雪面软硬度结果。

Design of Monitoring System and Analysis of its Application to Antarctic Topographical Characteristics

The characteristics of the inland Antarctic ice sheet, including its roughness and hardness, are related to annual snowfall and wind speed, and these characteristics have important value as references for the study of the process of transportation. A new surface-monitoring method called the vehicle automatic monitoring system is proposed in this paper. The vibration amplitude of the sledge is taken to reflect the roughness of the surface, and the depth of the sledge rut, measured by laser ranging, is taken to reflect the thickness of the snow layer. The distance traveled by the vehicle is tracked via GPS . Through the data acquisition system, monitoring of the topographical features of the ice sheet can be realized. The proposed monitoring system was used during the 29th and 31st Antarctic expeditions undertaken in November 2012 and November 2014, respectively. Through analysis of the acquired data, the surface characteristics of the inland ice sheet and the thickness of the snow layer between Zhongshan and Kunlun stations were determined.