北极头足类种类组成及分布研究进展

头足类种类众多,分布范围广,是世界上最具开发潜力的海洋生物类群之一,近年来,北极海域渔业资源开发得到了世界各国的重视。据统计,头足类在北极海域共14科26属约43种,分别隶属于乌贼目、八腕目和枪形目,主要种类为僧头乌贼(Rossia palpebrosa)、莫氏僧头乌贼(Rossia moelleri)、深海多足蛸(Bathypolypus arcticus)、深海蛸(Benthoctopus piscatorum)、西伯利亚深海蛸(Benthoctopus sibiricus)、须蛸(Cirroteuthis muelleri)和黵乌贼(Gonatus fabricii),北极大部分头足类都是通过探捕、兼捕或者从其他动物胃含物中获得,大部分分布在格陵兰海、挪威海和巴伦支海等海域。黵乌贼资源丰度为最高,但目前均没有商业性开发。本综述系统收集了分布在北极的头足类种类及其有关资料,为北极头足类资源合理开发及研究北极海域生态系统提供了基础资料。

REVIEW ON ARCITC CEPHALOPOD SPECIES AND DISTRIBUTIONS

Cephalopods are distributed widely around the world and they represent one of the most promising species of marine organisms in terms of the development of fishery resources, especially in the Arctic. This review collates information on the distributions of cephalopod species in Arctic waters, provides basic data on the scale of the Arctic cephalopod resources with regard to reasonable development, and researches the Arctic marine ecosystem. Cephalopods in Arctic waters belong mainly to the orders Sepioidea, Octopoda, and Teuthoidea and they can be sorted into about 14 families, 26 genera, and 43 species, of which these species Rossia palpebrosa, Rossia moelleri, Gonatus fabricii, Cirroteuthis muelleri, Bathypolypus arcticus, Benthoctopus piscatorum, and Benthoctopus sibiricus are typical types. Cephalopods are distributed primarily in the Greenland, Norwegian, and Barents seas, and they are often obtained from exploratory fishing, bycatch, or from the stomachs of other animals. Of all the cephalopods in the Arctic, Gonatus. fabricii is the most abundant; however, currently, there is no commercial development of this resource.