海-气间化学物质交换通量的研究

从以下几个方面简要分析了海—气间化学物质交换通量的参数化研究情况：如果不考虑物质间的化学反应，经典的通量—梯度关系（Ｋ理论）可用于估计从大气进入海表面的物质通量。在有化学反应的情形下，应根据化学反应速度与湍流交换速度的相对大小对Ｋ理论做修正；已知海表面的物质浓度和物质的沉降速度，可由二者的乘积来估计通量的大小。降水对大气中物质的清除作用是很大的，如何对降水的物理过程进行参数化，直接影响到对湿沉降通量的估计；计算海—气间气体交换通量的一种方法是利用界面两侧的分压差和气体转移系数。这两个参数都可能造成通量估计的不确定性。

RESEARCH ADVANCES OF THE FLUX OF CHEMICAL SPECIES EXCHANGE BETWEEN AIR AND SEA

Following aspects are considered in this paper in order to outline recent research advances of the flux of chemical species exchange between air and sea: (1) Without chemical reactions, typical flux gradient relationship ( K theory) may be adopted to estimate the flux from air to sea. Otherwise, the K theory should be modified according to the relative speed of reactions and turbulence . (2) In another way, the flux can be represented by the multiplication of concentration at sea surface and the deposit velocity. Precipitation has much contribution to the removal of chemical species from air. Parameterization of the physical process of precipitation influences directly the magnitude of wet deposition flux. (3) Gas transfer is often expressed with the gas transfer coefficient and the partial pressure difference between air and water. The flux equals the multiplication of these two terms. All the two parameters can influence the accuracy of the flux estimation.