国际气候谈判的实质和出路

尽管国际气候谈判充满矛盾，但本质上它是一种认真而责任重大的全球性努力，气候谈判的目标在于建立合理的国际气候制度。应对气候变化的实质是引导全球以低碳、绿色、循环发展为路径，实现全人类的可持续发展。气候谈判应该是一个促进各方建设性达成全球气候制度安排的过程，为此建议抓住以下三个重点：先发达国家率先做出积极的绝对量减排承诺；发展中国家也根据自身的能力和发展阶段做出自己应有的贡献；发达国家应在资金和技术上做点实事。先在以上三方面取得实质性突破，再通过公约原则下的“审评”和“调整”机制，逐步补充和完善。这是一种体现“自下而上”和“自上而下”相结合的路径。国际气候谈判的最终出路在于合作共赢。中国积极而务实地参与国际气候谈判的深刻原因，首先源于自身科学发展和可持续发展的内在需求，同时也是一个负责任的发展中大国对国际责任的担当。

The Essence of and Solutions to the International Climate Negotiation

In essence, the international climate negotiation is a kind of serious-minded and responsible global efforts despite the various conflicts. The climate negotiation is designed to establish a reasonable international climate system, and the essence of addressing climate change is to guide the world to adopt a low-carbon, green and circular development road, achieving a sustainable development worldwide. What’s more, climate negotiation should be a process of driving all parties to reach constructive global climate system. To this end, this paper suggests three major aspects that should be addressed to make substantial breakthroughs, and then the “Review” and “Adjustment” mechanism under the Convention principles should be adopted to make gradual supplements and improvements. This is a combination of “Down-Top” and “Top-Down” approach. In addition, the ultimate solution to international climate negotiation lies in collaboration and win-win strategies. The in-depth reasons for China’S proactive and practical participation of international climate negotiation are the internal need for scientific and sustainable development, and a responsible developing power’S performing international obligations.