近期博斯腾湖水位变化及其原因分析

新疆博斯腾湖1987年以来湖泊水位的变化(上升)与主要补给河流开都河径流量的变化有直接关系, 而这与发源于天山中段降水和高山冰雪融水的河流, 受到气候变化影响很大有关. 全球变化研究结果显示, 中亚干旱区是全球温度上升幅度较大的地区. 当地的气象资料表明, 过去20 a年平均温度明显升高的趋势, 对水资源储量和补给来源影响深远.

The Recent Change of Water Level in the Bosten Lake and Analysis of Its Causes

Since 1987 the water level of Bosten Lake in Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang has risen continuously, and the lake area reached the greatest since the 1950 s. It can be supposed that this change is related directly to the increase of runoff in the Kaidu River, which supplies about 85% of water in the whole catchments. Naturally, the runoff of the Kaidou River is influenced much more by the fluctuation of climate, since the river originates from glaciers and snow cover in the Tianshan Mountains. Much research work about the global change showed the evident ascending tendency of annual average air temperature in the last 20 years in Central Asia. Additionally, the local climate data also manifested a warming up. In this paper the relationship between the warming up and the increasing of runoff is analysed with the selected air temperature data in the east ranges of the Tianshan Mountains. Although the result shows that the increasing of runoff is correlative with climate change, it is not clear either glacier ablation or precipitation plays more important role in the level change in the Bosten Lake. Because of lack of precipitation data in the high altitudes of the Tianshan Mountains, the question remained is how to determine the direct cause for the change of water level. Some research methods for this question are checked and discussed in this paper. The influence of climate change on water resources in a catchment is critically examined with an example in the Glacier National Park.