Multiple paleopathologies in the dinosaur Bonitasaura salgadoi (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia,Argentina |
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| Institution: | 1. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL-CONICET), C.P. 3400, Corrientes, Argentina;2. Área de Paleontología, Fundación Félix de Azara, Universidad Maimonides, CONICET, Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología, Museo Provincial “Carlos Ameghino”, Belgrano 1700, Paraje Pichi Ruca (predio Marabunta), CP8300 Cipolletti, Río Negro, Argentina;1. CONICET, Argentina;2. Área Laboratorio e Investigación, Museo Municipal “Ernesto Bachmann”, Villa El Chocón, Neuquén, Argentina;3. Área de Paleontología, Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara, CEBBAD, Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775, 1405 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina;4. Área de Zoología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, 5700 San Luis, Argentina;1. Departamento de Ingeniería del Terreno, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain;2. Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain;1. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Avenida Roca 1242, General Roca, 8332, Río Negro, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Laboratório de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ave. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Agronomia, 91540–000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;4. Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, 511 Floyd Street (40202), Louisville, USA;5. Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 490, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK;2. 1 Coastguard Cottages, Military Road, Brighstone, Isle of Wight, PO30 4DA, UK;3. Seajade, 7 West Lake Avenue, Lake, Isle of Wight, POX 36 9NJ, UK;1. CONICET – Área de Zoología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, 5700, San Luis, Argentina;2. CONICET – Fundación de Historia Natural ‘Félix de Azara’, CEBBAD, Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy;4. Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto, Borgo Santa Caterina 41, 38068, Rovereto, TN, Italy;5. Secretaría de Cultura de la Provincia de Río Negro, Julio A. Roca 267, 8500, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina;1. Steinmann Institute for Geology, Mineralogy, and Paleontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53113 Bonn, Germany;2. Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-526 Caparica, Portugal;3. Museu Da Lourinhã, Rua João Luis de Moura, 2530-157 Lourinhã, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Bones in the fossil record sometimes exhibit unusual structures that can be attributed to pathologies, taphonomic alterations, or morphological variation. The goal of this work is to describe three bone abnormalities present in the type specimen of Bonitasaura salgadoi from the Cretaceous of north Patagonia, Argentina. The studied material corresponds to a left femur, a left metatarsal III, and a right prezygapophysis of a mid-caudal vertebra. Macroscopic and/or histological examinations were conducted, and a discussion concerning the origin of each abnormality is provided. The results of this study suggest that the anomalous structures are pathologies. In the femur, an osteoblastic tumor was identified by the presence of a large outgrowth of ovoid appearance with a spiculated microstructural pattern. The metatarsal III shows an enthesophyte (or bone spur) based on its location, shape and growth in parallel to the long axis of the bone element. Finally, the abnormal tissue observed in the prezygapophysis of the caudal vertebra was determined to be an infection by the presence of reactive new bone associated with a local widening of the subperiosteal margin and a sinus of drainage. This is the first report of multiple pathologies in a single specimen of a titanosaur, and it provides new insights about paleopathologies in sauropod dinosaurs. |
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| Keywords: | Osseous abnormalities Titanosaurs Paleobiology South America |
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