A saltasaurine titanosaur (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Angostura Colorada Formation (upper Campanian,Cretaceous) of northwestern Patagonia,Argentina |
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| Institution: | 1. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Avenida Roca 1242, General Roca, 8332, Río Negro, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Laboratório de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ave. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Agronomia, 91540–000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;4. Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, 511 Floyd Street (40202), Louisville, USA;5. Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 490, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México City, Mexico;2. Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra, Estación Regional del Noroeste, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 1039, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico;3. Estación Regional del Noroeste, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 1039, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico;1. Laboratório de Paleontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e Educação, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Doutor Randolfo Borges Júnior, 38064-200, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil;3. Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Agronomia, 91540–000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;4. Centro de Pesquisas Paleontológicas “Llewelyn Ivor Price”, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Peirópolis, Estanislau Collenghi 194, 38039-755, Peirópolis, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil;1. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL-CONICET), C.P. 3400, Corrientes, Argentina;2. Área de Paleontología, Fundación Félix de Azara, Universidad Maimonides, CONICET, Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología, Museo Provincial “Carlos Ameghino”, Belgrano 1700, Paraje Pichi Ruca (predio Marabunta), CP8300 Cipolletti, Río Negro, Argentina;1. CONICET, Argentina;2. Área Laboratorio e Investigación, Museo Municipal “Ernesto Bachmann”, Villa El Chocón, Neuquén, Argentina;3. Área de Paleontología, Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara, CEBBAD, Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775, 1405 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina;4. Área de Zoología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, 5700 San Luis, Argentina;1. División Paleobotánica, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” (CONICET), Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1405DJR, Argentina;2. Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina;3. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas (CIG, CONICET-UNLP), Diagonal 113 #275, La Plata, Buenos Aires, B1904PKD, Argentina;4. Cátedra de Sedimentología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 122 y 60 S/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires, B1926ELN, Argentina;5. Center for the Collections, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan;6. Department of Geology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169–0073, Japan;7. Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” (CONICET), Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1405DJR, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | Saltasaurine titanosaurs are characterized by their relatively small size compared to other sauropods, extreme postcranial pneumaticity, and dermal armour covering the body. This group has been reported in the Upper Cretaceous of the Lecho, Allen, and Anacleto formations of Argentina. We describe here a new saltasaurine specimen (MACN-Pv RN 233) from the Campanian of the Angostura Colorada Formation (Río Negro Province) that is represented by eight caudal vertebrae and six osteoderms. This specimen is described in detail and its phylogenetic relationships with the other three known saltasaurines, as well as its implications to the knowledge of caudal vertebra and osteoderm anatomy, are discussed. Our results place MACN-Pv RN 233 more closely related to Saltasaurus loricatus and Rocasaurus muniozi than to Neuquensaurus australis. MACN-Pv RN 233 possesses a combination of features that differ from other saltasaurines, but because of the fragmentary nature of the specimen we decided for the sake of taxonomic stability to not erect a new taxon. This specimen shows the first unambiguous evidence of chevron pneumatisation for a sauropodomorph, implying a broader osteological invasion of the diverticula from the abdominal air sac than previously thought for this group of dinosaurs. MACN-Pv RN 233 preserves two osteoderm morphotypes, one similar to those reported for Neuquensaurus australis and Saltasaurus loricatus. This new specimen expands the distribution of the group to a new geological unit and increases the dinosaur diversity known for the Angostura Colorada Formation. |
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| Keywords: | Saltasaurini Caudal vertebra Osteoderm Pneumaticity South America |
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