河西走廊绿洲生态经济系统良性循环的水资源问题

河西走廊绿洲生态经济系统良性循环,有其特定的结构和模式:其结构主要地决定于水资源的供给和分配结构;其模式包括物质循环和能源循环两个方面。水资源问题主要是水土资源平衡问题、发展与污染问题、生态环境质量与蒸腾、蒸发问题等。针对这些问题,我们的水资源管理策略应该是:要严格控制高耗水企业的比重,引导企业增添循环用水工艺和设施,设立中水道系统;要抓节水技术的推广。造林的目标是农田生态防护作用、厂矿噪音隔离作用和居民生活、工作区的人造景观作用。人工水域主要布局在人口集中的城镇地区。经济开发强度的空间结构要以水资源的空间分布为基础。运用水价来促进节水型经济结构的形成,并用特价水来支持某些产业。提供特价水的企业的经济损失应通过开征水资源调节税来补贴。该税种应全额用于政府支持水资源开发管理与水利建设。完善水资源的有关法规并使其具可操作性。河西走廊三大流域系统上下游间的分水问题是一个关系到下游人民生存权和生态环境能否进入并维持良性循环的核心问题,必须从法律的高度解决。要变目前的部门决策为区域综合决策,并成立专家委员会,吸纳有关专家参与决策。对用水量大的项目和涉水工程,要建立起有专家委员会会同各有关部门联合组成的质量监督委员会认证制度。

Water Problems in Beneficial Circulation of Ecologic Economy System in Hexi Oases

Hexi area is the focal point on development defined by the government of Gansu province.The crux of the strategy of "Rebuild Hexi" is to construct the beneficial circulation systems of ecologic economy in Hexi Oases through conquering the restriction of water resources in arid regions.The structure of the system of ecologic economy is decided by the structure of water supply,and the model of it includes the circulation of meterial and energy.The main problems about water resources are the balance between water and soil,the development and the pollution,the environment quality and the evapotranspiration etc.So the countermeasures are to limit the ratio of enterprises which need too much water,to guide the enterprise to add water circulation facilities,to spread the techniques of water economy,to locate man made lakes mainly in the town area,to make the major area of development to match the spatial location of water resources,to enhance the formation of economic structure of water economy through water price.The law on water resources must be perfected and operating.The water dividing problem between the upper and the lower of the three valleys in Hexi corridor is the key problem,which relates to the living rights of the people living in these lower valleys.The decision making of important project should no longer done by the department only,the opinion from experts' committee would have great influence.