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Discrimination of Nuclear Explosions against Civilian Sources Based on Atmospheric Xenon Isotopic Activity Ratios |
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| Authors: | Martin B. Kalinowski Anders Axelsson Marc Bean Xavier Blanchard Theodore W. Bowyer Guy Brachet Simon Hebel Justin I. McIntyre Jana Peters Christoph Pistner Maria Raith Anders Ringbom Paul R. J. Saey Clemens Schlosser Trevor J. Stocki Thomas Taffary R. Kurt Ungar |
| Affiliation: | 1.Carl Friedrich von Weizs?cker Center for Science and Peace Research (ZNF),Hamburg,Germany;2.International Atomic Energy Agency,Vienna,Austria;3.Radiation Protection Bureau,Ottawa,Canada;4.CEA, DAM, DIF,Arpajon,France;5.Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Richland,USA;6.?ko-Institut e.V.,Darmstadt,Germany;7.Austrian Research Centers, Seibersdorf Research GmbH,Seibersdorf,Austria;8.Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI),Stockholm,Sweden;9.Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), Provisional Technical Secretariat, Vienna International Centre,Vienna,Austria;10.Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS),Freiburg,Germany |
| Abstract: | A global monitoring system for atmospheric xenon radioactivity is being established as part of the International Monitoring System that will verify compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) once the treaty has entered into force. This paper studies isotopic activity ratios to support the interpretation of observed atmospheric concentrations of 135Xe, 133mXe, 133Xe and 131mXe. The goal is to distinguish nuclear explosion sources from civilian releases. Simulations of nuclear explosions and reactors, empirical data for both test and reactor releases as well as observations by measurement stations of the International Noble Gas Experiment (INGE) are used to provide a proof of concept for the isotopic ratio based method for source discrimination. |
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