2019年贵州省夏收粮油作物生长季农业气候评价

根据贵州省84个气象观测站的资料,分析2018-2019年夏收粮油作物生长季内的气温、降水、日照3个气象要素的变化特点,结合作物生物学特性对气象的要求,并与历史同期气候条件进行对比,评估2018-2019年夏收粮油作物生长季内气候条件对农业生产的影响。结论为:小麦主产区大部光温水条件匹配较好。油菜生长季前期光热条件较差,生育期明显推迟,长势差于2018年,但后期天气转好,利于推进油菜生育进程和产量形成。春播马铃薯气候条件明显好于冬播马铃薯,利于全年马铃薯产量的稳产,冬播马铃薯主产区受阴雨寡照天气影响明显。夏收粮油作物全生育期内无大范围重大农业气象灾害,农业气象条件总体有利于夏收粮油作物生长发育和产量形成,属于较好农业气候年景。

Agricultural assessment of growing season of summer harvested grain in Guizhou in 2019

Based on the data from 84 meteorological observatories in Guizhou, the changes in the three meteorological elements of temperature, precipitation, and sunlight during the growing season of the 2018/2019 harvested grain were analyzed, combined with the biological requirements of the crops on the meteorological requirements, and the same period of history comparison of climatic conditions to assess the impact of climatic conditions on agricultural production during the growing season of the 2018/2019. The conclusion is that most of the main wheat-producing areas match well with light, warm water. The rapeseed had poor light and heat conditions in the early growing season, and the growth period was significantly delayed. The growth was worse than 2018 year, but the weather improved in the later period, which is conducive to the development of rapeseed and the formation of yield. The climatic conditions of spring-seeded potatoes are significantly better than those of winter-seeded potatoes, which is conducive to the stability of potato production throughout the year. The main areas of winter-seeded potatoes are significantly affected by cloudy and rainy weather. There are no large-scale major agricultural meteorological disasters during the whole growth period of summer harvested grain. Agro-meteorological conditions are generally conducive to the growth and development of summer harvested grain, which is a better agricultural climate.