Intercomparison of Humidity and Temperature Sensors: GTS1, Vaisala RS80, and CFH |
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Authors: | BIAN Jianchun CHEN Hongbin Holger VOMEL DUAN Yunjun XUAN Yuejian and LU Daren |
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Institution: | Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,GRUAN Lead Center, Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg, German Weather Service, Germany,Kunming National Reference Climatological Station, Kunming 650034,Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 |
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Abstract: | GTS1 digital radiosonde, developed by the Shanghai Changwang Meteorological
Science and Technology Company in 1998, is now widely used in operational
radiosonde stations in China. A preliminary comparison of simultaneous
humidity measurements by the GTS1 radiosonde, the Vaisala RS80 radiosonde,
and the Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer (CFH), launched at Kunming in August
2009, reveals a large dry bias produced by the GTS1 humidity sensor. The
average relative dry bias is in the order of 10% below 500 hPa,
increasing rapidly to 30% above 500 hPa, and up to 55% at 310 hPa. A
much larger dry bias is observed in the daytime, and this daytime effect
increases with altitude. The GTS1 radiosonde fails to respond to humidity
changes in the upper troposphere, and sometimes even in the middle
troposphere. The failure of GTS1 in the middle and upper troposphere will
result in significant artificial humidity shifts in radiosonde climate
records at stations in China where a transition from mechanical to digital
radiosondes has occurred. A comparison of simultaneous temperature
observations by the GTS1 radiosonde and the Vaisala RS80 radiosonde suggests
that these two radiosondes provide highly reproducible temperature
measurements in the troposphere, but produce opposite biases for daytime and
nighttime measurements in the stratosphere. In the stratosphere, the GTS1
shows a warm bias (<0.5 K) in the daytime and a relatively large cool bias
(-0.2 K to -1.6 K) at nighttime. |
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Keywords: | GTS1 radiosonde humidity dry bias |
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