黑河下游土地利用与景观格局时空特征分析

基于研究区1986年LandSat TM和2003年LandSat ETM 遥感影像资料,综合运用遥感与GIS技术手段,结合FRAGSTATS景观格局分析软件,就近17 a来黑河下游额济纳流域土地利用与景观格局变化进行了分析,并探讨了引起变化的驱动因素。结果表明:研究区草地、林地、水域及耕地面积减少,居民工矿建设用地和未利用土地面积显著增加;景观破碎化程度降低,多样性及异质性程度减小,稳定性降低;气候的暖干化趋势、黑河下泄水量的持续减少以及人类不合理的经济活动是黑河下游土地利用和景观格局变化的主要原因。

AN ANALYSIS OF TEMPORAL-SPATIAL FEATURES OF LAND USE AND LANDSCAPE PATTERN IN THE LOWER REACHES OF THE HEIHE RIVER

Using remote sensing techniques,GIS,and landscape pattern analysis software FRAGSTATS,the authors studied temporal-spatial change characteristics of the land use and landscape patterns of Ejina basin in the lower reaches of the Heihe river on the basis of LandSat TM data obtained in 1986 and LandSat ETM data obtained in 2003.The driving factors for the changes were also analyzed.The results show that the areas of grasslands,forestlands,water areas and cultivated lands were decreased during the 17 years,while the areas of the lands used for construction and the unused lands were remarkably increased.The extent of landscape fragmentation was decreased and its heterogeneity was obviously reduced.Moreover,the landscape diversity was also reduced and the landscape stability was lowered.The climatic warming-drying trend and the reduction of inflow to the lower reaches of the Heihe River constituted the main driving forces for land use and landscape pattern changes,and the unreasonable human activity accelerated this process.