自然灾害研究中几个观念问题的讨论

本文从人类生活环境系统的整体观角度讨论了自然灾害的两重性、关连性及人类圈之形成和生态环境保护问题。认为自然灾害从短时间尺度和小范围看是灾变, 从长时间尺度和大范围看是一种自调节、自平衡过程；自然灾害与人类社会存在着双向效应关系；自然灾害的关联性(群发共生现象)是由其同源性、链发性和韵律性决定的；人类圈是地球演化进入新阶段的产物, 它具有进行层次深、作用强度高、活动领域宽和通过信息实现调控的特点。建立上述观念, 对灾害研究、减轻灾害损失, 走可持续发展的道路, 都具有重要意义。

A DISCUSSION ON SOME IDEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN RESEARCH OF NATURAL HAZARDS

The problems on the duality and coherence of natural hazards, formation of anthroposphere, and preservation of ecological environment are discussed from a viewpoint of environmental system of human living as an entirety in the paper. It is suggested that the natural hazards in short time scale and small extent can be considered as a catastrophe, but in long time scale and large extent they may be a self-regulation and self balance process. There exists a bidirectional effect relation between natural hazards and human society. The coherence of natural hazards (swarm and association of their occurrence)depends on their homology, chain occurrence, and rhythm. The anthroposphere is a product of the new evolutional stage of the Earth. It is characterized by deep level,high intensity, wide activity extent, and regulation performed with information feedback. The formation of the ideas mentioned above will be of great importance in hazard study, in decrease of hazardous losses, and in breaking a new sustainable development path.