新疆区域经济空间分异的微观机制与测度分析——基于新经济地理学的视角

借鉴新经济地理学的基本框架,从人口与产业集聚匹配性的视角分析了新疆地区差距形成的微观机制,通过引入内含空间因素的测度指标,对新疆地区差距现状及其演进趋势进行了分析。研究发现：新疆地区差距是集聚机制作用下人口与产业（进而产出）集聚不匹配的结果,在此机制作用下,新疆地区差距呈现明显的梯度特征,各梯度之间差距明显,其中第一梯度和第四梯度地区人口与产业集聚的不匹配是新疆地区发展失衡的主要动因。为缩小地区发展差距,未来新疆政策设计的基本思路是立足其特殊区情,先“动钱”、再“动人”,通过集聚经济的发展和劳动力的自由流动逐步实现区域间协调发展。

The Mechanism and The Measurement of Regional Economy′s Spatial Distribution of Xinjiang: Based on the New Economic Geography Theory

According to the new classical economic theory, regional disparities are the result of the unbalanced supply of inter-regional production factors. As long as the interregional flow of production factors is put back in balance and the balance of interregional factor supply is realized, regional disparities will automatically disappear. However, the balanced development of different regions in Xinjiang still has a long way to go, so we need to bring a new angle to the exploration of the spatial source and micro-mechanism resulted in regional disparities. With the basic structure of New Economic Geography theory, this article analyzed and summaried the microcosmic mechanism and the process of the formation of region gap in an intuitive way with the use of logical deduction and graphical presentation. At the same time, it introduced the concept of containing the density of space factors under the framework of new economic geography, which is the spatial agglomeration structure population-economy coordinated development index. The results found that the mismatch between population distribution and industrial concentration under an industrial concentration mechanism is the main reason that leads to the regional disparities in Xinjiang. And under the influence of this kind of concentration mechanism, the regional gap in Xinjiang now presents a significant gradient characteristic. The gap among different gradients is quite obvious, among which the mismatch between population distribution and industrial concentration between the first gradient (which includes the region of Urumqi, Karamay, Changji, Shihezi, Turpan and Kumul) , and the fourth gradient (which includes the region of Kizilsu Kirgiz, Kashgar and Hotan Administrative Offices ) is the main driver to the unbalanced development in Xinjiang. To narrow the development gap, Xinjiang should make its future’s policy design considering its special regional situations to achieve a regional coordinated development through the development of a concentrated economy and the free flow of the labor force.