中国风电设备制造业发展与空间格局研究

区域新兴产业的发展是经济地理学的关注重点。尤其在全球气候变化和能源危机背景下,新能源产业的发展和区位特征备受关注。本文选取风电设备制造这一战略性新兴产业作为研究对象,根据2005-2012年《中国风电装机容量统计》整理了中国风电设备制造企业数据库,发现中国的内资风电设备制造企业大多由相关装备制造业企业投资设立,并位于投资企业所在城市;外资风电设备制造企业倾向于布局在装备制造业基础雄厚的城市。风电设备制造业企业的空间扩展即子公司主要集中在三北(东北、华北和西北)和东部沿海等风力资源丰富和风电场重点建设的地区。在实证部分,利用零膨胀负二项模型探讨中国风电设备企业及其子公司区位选择的影响因素,结果表明：①风力资源禀赋主要影响风电设备企业子公司的区位选择,风力资源丰富的地区城市风电设备企业子公司个数较多;②产业基础主要影响风电设备企业母公司区位选择;③地方政府支持主要影响风电设备企业子公司的区位选择;④风力资源禀赋、产业基础和地方政府支持同时作用时,产业基础是最重要的影响因素。研究结果对风电设备企业的区位选择和地方政府有针对性的产业政策制定有指导意义。

Development and spatial pattern of wind equipment manufacture industry in China

The development of emerging industries in a region is one of the focuses of economic geography research. Particularly, research on the development and spatial distribution of renewable energy industries under the background of global climate change and energy crisis is of great importance in China. This paper examines the spatial distribution of wind turbine manufacturing enterprises and influencing factors. Wind power and wind power equipment manufacturing industry in China developed very rapidly and the country became the largest wind power market during the past 10 years, primarilly due to the policy support of the central and local governments. This research built a database of enterprises based on the statistics of China's installed wind power capacity from 2005 to 2012. The paper analyzes the spatial distribution of the wind turbine manufacturing enterprises and subsidiary companies at the prefecture level. The results show that most of the domestic wind turbine manufacturing enterprises were founded by equipment manufacturing enterprises and are located in the same city as their parents firms, while foreign firms are often located in cities with strong equipment manufacturing industrial base. The subsidiary companies of wind turbine manufacturing enterprises are located in the northwest, North China, and northeast as well as the east coastal areas with rich wind resources. The econometric result of zero inflated negative binomial regression model shows that policy, industrial base, and wind resource endowment had different impacts on the location choice of the wind equipment manufacturing enterprises and their subsidiaries. Wind resource endowment and local government support have significant impacts on the location choice of subsidiary companies of wind turbine manufacturing enterprises, while industrial base mainly affects the location choice of the wind equipment manufacturing parent firms. All three factors considered together, industrial base has the most important impact on location choice. The results of this research provides important information for wind equipment manufacturing enterprises to choose new locations and for local governments to develop strategic industrial development policies.