玉米净作和间作植株间光强的时空分布(英文)

作物多样性种植能够有效减少病虫危害,显著增加产量,但其中的机理尚不清楚。太阳辐射是最重要的影响因子之一。本试验研究了玉米净作(A)及玉米/大豆2:2(B,2行玉米2行大豆)和2:4(C,2行玉米4行大豆)两种间作模式下,玉米冠层内太阳辐射强度的时空变化。研究结果表明,多样性种植可在不同高度上对玉米植株间的受光强度和受光时间产生明显影响。在玉米穗期,相比净作,在30cm高度上,B和C模式下光强都超过了2倍,在70cm高度上,光强超过10倍。花粒期,在110、160和210cm位置上,相比净作,B和C模式下光强分别提高了5倍、2倍和12%,而且随着测量高度的下降,间作模式下光强下降较为缓慢。从第7–18叶,相比净作,各叶位间作模式下光强平均增加2倍,而且日有效辐射时间平均提高了5小时。此外,玉米的一些生物学性状,如千粒重、每株产量和穗位叶叶面积等也表现出间作B和C模式都显著高于净作。因此,间作提高了玉米的受光强度和有效辐射时间,是改善玉米生物学性状的重要因子。

The Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Light Intensity in Maize and Soybean Intercropping Systems

Intercropping can improve field microclimates, decrease the incidence of crop diseases, and increase crop yields, but the reasons for this remain unknown. Solar radiation is the most important environmental influence. To understand the mechanisms of intercropping we established an experiment consisting of three cropping patterns： a monocropping control {treatment A） and two intercropping treatments （B： two rows of maize and two rows of soybean intercropping; C： two rows of maize and four rows of soybean intercropping）. Results show that compared to monocropping, intercropping increased the amount of light penetrating to inferior leaves in maize plants. Light intensity reaching maize plants at the heading stage in intercropping increased over two-fold at 30 cm above ground and 10-fold at 70 cm above ground, compared with monocropping. At the flowering to maturity stage, light intensity at 110, 160 and 210 cm above ground among maize plants was greatly increased in intercropping compared with monocropping, by some five-fold, two-fold and 12%, respectively. Moreover, light intensity declined more slowly at the measured heights in the intercropping system compared with monocropping. From the 7-18th leaf, light intensity per leaf increased two-fold in intercropping compared with monocropping. Daily light duration increased more than a mean of 5 h per day per leaf in intercropping compared with monocropping. The biological characters of maize including thousand kernel weight, yield per plant and area of ear leaves were all greater in intercropping than monocropping. These results suggest that, for maize, intercropping improves light density and duration significantly and this may contribute to biomass and yield increases.