基于环境DNA技术的夏季东海鱼类物种多样性研究

为了解东海海域主要鱼类群落的种类组成，监测和保护其多样性，本研究利用环境DNA技术对东海鱼类进行物种多样性分析。通过海水样本的采集，环境DNA提取、扩增和高通量测序分析，从东海14个站点的环境DNA样本中共检测出2纲，23目，29科，42属，44种海水鱼类，大部分种类在东海传统渔业资源调查中均有出现。其中，相对丰度较高的物种为赤鼻棱鳀（Thryssa kammalensis）、蓝点马鲛（Scomberomorus niphonius）、日本鲐（Scomber japonicus）、小黄鱼（Larimichthys polyactis）和鲻（Mugil cephalus）。站点间α多样性差异较大，总体上呈现近海站点生物多样性高，远海站点生物丰度高的特点。研究结果表明，环境DNA技术可以作为传统渔业资源调查的补充，也可以对东海海域鱼类物种多样性及空间分布进行快速检测。

Study on fish species diversity in the East China Sea in summer based on environmental DNA technology

To understand the species composition of the dominant fish species communities in the East China Sea and to monitor and protect their diversity, environmental DNA technology to analyze the species diversity of fish in the East China Sea was used in this study. Through the collection of seawater samples, eDNA extraction, amplification and high-throughput sequencing analysis, a total of 44 species of marine fishes in 2 classes, 23 orders, 29 families and 42 genera were detected, and most of the species were found in the traditional fishery resources survey in the East China Sea. Among them, the species with high relative abundance were red nose anchovy (Thryssa kammalensis), blue-spotted horse mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius), Japanese mackerel (Scomber japonicus), small yellowtail (Larimichthys polyactis) and mullet (Mugil cephalus). The alpha diversity among stations was significant difference, and generally showed high biodiversity at coastal stations and high biological abundance at offshore stations. The results suggested that environmental DNA technology could quickly explore the diversity and spatial distribution of fish species in the East China Sea, as an effective supplementary to traditional fisheries resource monitoring.