不同覆盖措施对高寒地区剥离的草皮块堆放温湿度及成活的影响

重大工程建设会扰动高寒草地，法规要求扰动区草皮层应予以剥离，待工程建设后再用于恢复原生植被，当前对剥离草皮堆放成活的影响研究较少。试验设计遮阳网与穿孔膜两种覆盖条件，探讨分析其对剥离的草皮块堆放与铺植利用后土壤温湿度及草皮块返青覆盖度的影响，研究结果表明：遮阳网覆盖堆体较自然地表日均土壤温度显著降低，同时各深度层极大延长冻结期，降水对土壤水分的补充效应延后，并造成堆放期水分大量损失；穿孔膜覆盖堆体较自然地表提高了土壤温度，阻碍了降水对土壤水分的补充，并造成堆放后土壤吸持水能力降低。遮阳网覆盖的草皮块返青覆盖度显著高于穿孔膜覆盖的返青覆盖度，堆放期日平均土壤温度>0 ℃的堆放日数与草皮块返青覆盖度的线性拟合较好。工程建设中应尽量缩短堆放时长，采用透水透气类覆盖材料，增加土壤与空气热量交换，以维持更长的冻结期，并适时补充水分，提高草皮块铺植的恢复成效。

Effects of different mulching measures on the stacking temperature,humidity and survival of stripped turf blocks in alpine regions

Major engineering construction will disturb the alpine grassland. The regulations require that the turf layer in the disturbed area should be stripped and used to restore the native vegetation after the construction of the project. At present， there is little research on the survival impact of stripped turf stacking. By studying the effects of shade net and perforated film on the soil temperature and humidity and greening coverage of the stripped turf blocks after stacking and replantation， the results show that the temperature of shade net mulching stockpile is significantly lower than the daily average soil temperature of the natural ground， and greatly prolonged the freezing period of each depth layer， the supplementary effect of precipitation on soil moisture is delayed， and a large amount of water loss during the stacking period； perforated film mulching stockpile had higher soil temperature compared with the natural ground， and hinders the supplementation of soil moisture by precipitation， the soil water holding capacity is decreased； the greening coverage of the shading net mulching turf block is significantly higher than that of the perforated film. There is good linear correlation between the number of stacking days with daily average soil temperature > 0 ℃ and the greening coverage of turf blocks. The stacking time should be shortened as much as possible in the construction of engineering construction， and permeable and breathable mulching material should be used to increase the heat exchange between the soil and the air to maintain a longer freezing period， and timely add water to improve the revegetation effect of turf block replantation.