北京城区一次大到暴雨的预报难点分析

2005年6月25日夜间北京城区出现了大到暴雨过程，与预报的小到中雨有很大偏差。通过对常规资料及雷达、卫星、风廓线仪和自动站资料的综合分析，发现这次降水不属于北京典型的大降水过程，而是具有明显的中尺度特征。25日23时低层弱冷空气从北面侵入，触发了具有高不稳定能量的对流发展；同时，低空西南急流携带大量水汽和能量到北京，使降水得以加强并维持。另外，位于山西的中尺度低压的东部有一条纬向辐合线，北京的城区和南部成为了地面上偏东和偏南气流的风速辐合区。根据以上分析提出了预报着眼点。

Forecast Difficulties for a Beijing Heavy Rainfall

A heavy rainfall occurred in Beijing on June 25, 2005 is quite different from the weather forecast. With the data from satellite, radar, observations, wind profiler and automatic weather station, a study is made. The event is not a typical heavy rainfall, but it has clear mesoscale characteristics. The results show that low-level weak cold air from the north, low-level southwesterly jet stream and mesoscale convergence line in the south are the main factors.