深部厚顶煤巷道围岩变形破坏机制模型试验研究

为研究深部厚顶煤巷道围岩变形破坏特性及其机制，以赵楼煤矿千米深井厚顶煤巷道为工程背景，开展了大比尺地质力学模型试验，对让压型锚索箱梁支护系统作用下的巷道围岩位移、应力演化规律进行的研究表明：巷道顶底板围岩竖向应力释放较两帮剧烈，水平应力释放反之，巷道顶板中部围岩是顶板竖向应力释放的主要部位。通过与现场试验结果对比验证，总结出深部厚顶煤巷道围岩变形破坏的3个主要特征：顶板变形破坏较两帮和底板严重、顶板围岩变形破坏主要发生在煤岩交界面以下的煤体中、巷中是顶板变形破坏的关键部位，并进一步分析了相应机制：顶板煤岩松软破碎、自承能力差、顶板及其巷中竖向应力释放相对更为剧烈、矩形巷道顶板受力状态差等因素，导致顶煤所受径向应力低，碎胀变形剧烈，且弯曲变形、离层严重，顶板受力结构恶化，最终导致顶板控制困难。

Model test study of surrounding rock deformation and failure mechanism of deep roadway with thick top coal

In order to research the surrounding rock deformation and failure mechanism of deep thick top coal roadway, taking Zhaolou coal mine in Juye mining area as engineering background, a large scale model test is carried out, the stress and displacement evolution laws of surrounding rock supported by pressure relief anchor cable box beam supporting programs are researched. And the results show: the vertical stress release is more intense in roof and floor of the roadway than that in the side wall, while the horizontal stress is the opposite; central of roadway roof is the main position of vertical stress release. By being compared with field test results, three main deformation and failure characters of the surrounding rock of deep thick top coal roadway are summarized: the deformation and failure of roof is more serious than that of side wall and floor; deformation and failure of roadway roof occurrs mainly in the coal below coal-rock interface; central of roadway roof is the key position of the deformation and failure. The corresponding mechanism is analyzed: the factors such as soft and broken features of roof coal, its poor self-supporting ability, vertical stress releasing more severe in roof and its central, poor force state of rectangle roadway, cause low radial stress of surrounding rock in roof, serve bulking deformation, bending deformation and roof separation, and worsen the roof force structure, finally, they lead to controlling trouble of roadway roof.