黔西南脆弱喀斯特生态环境空间格局分析

西南喀斯特地区是我国四大生态脆弱带之一。黔西南具有典型的喀斯特生态环境,是西部大开发中生态环境的重点治理区。长期以来,由于人类不合理的开发利用使得喀斯特地区出现了严重的土地石漠化、土壤侵蚀以及森林生态系统退化等生态问题,制约着地区生态-经济的持续发展。本文根据已有的研究成果,在GIS技术的支持下,分析了研究区内主要生态退化问题的现状和空间格局及其影响因素,运用空间叠加分析功能,构建了生态脆弱度指标,并将研究区分为四个亚区,为生态环境治理提供科学依据。

Spatial pattern of the fragile karst environment in southwest Guizhou province

The karst areas in Southwest China constitute one of four fragile eco zones in China Southwest Guizhou, characterized by typical karst landscape and environment, is one of the major regions for rehabilitation in West China For a long time, human activities have led to serious rock desertification, soil erosion and forest ecosystem degradation in the study region, and have exerted adverse effect on regional economic development and ecology This paper analyzes ecological degradation, its spatial pattern and the related driving factors in southwest Guizhou province Rock desertification and soil erosion are the most serious ecological problems in southwest Guizhou, closely related to forest and soil degradation The karst landform pattern generally controls the ecological pattern, while population pressure and the resulting unreasonable human activities serve as the most powerful driving forces for environmental degradation Consequently, the regional man land contradiction is responsible for the deterioration of karst environment, with man as the core of the contradiction The rehabilitation of the deteriorating environment consists of two aspects,i.e., stopping human destructive activities and carrying out improvement measures Based on GIS analysis, the degree of ecological fragility ( I ) is given according to the equation: I=I 1 + I 2 -I 3 where I 1 is the ratio of rock desertified area, I 2 the ratio of soil eroded area, and I 3 the forest coverage The study region is divided into four sub regions in terms of the value of I: one extremely fragile sub region ( I =64), one seriously fragile sub region ( I =51), and two moderately fragile sub regions ( I =27, 26, respectively) This provides a framework for management of regional ecology and environment in southwest Guizhou