含水层结构变异对区域地下水循环影响数值模拟

煤炭开采对地下水资源的破坏是限制煤矿区经济与环境可持续发展的主要瓶颈, 煤炭资源开采与水资源保护的矛盾将日益加剧。我国富煤地区主要分布在华北和西北, 仅山西、内蒙古、陕西和新疆四省自治区煤炭查明资源储量就占全国的73.1%, 这些富煤地区多是地下水资源相对贫乏的地区, 全国86个重点矿区缺水的占71%, 严重缺水的占40%, 而煤矿开采对地下水资源的严重破坏加剧了矿区的水资源短缺矛盾, 这一问题在能源大省山西尤为突出。究其根本原因, 在于采煤引起含水层结构变化, 造成地下水资源的破坏, 使地下水资源由原来可供开采的优质水源变为被污染的矿坑水而排走, 破坏了地下水的补径排, 破坏了水文下垫面条件, 破坏了地表水循环, 进而影响了区域地下水循环态势。

Numerical Simulation of Structural Variation of Aquifer Effect on Regional Groundwater Circulation

The destruction of groundwater resources caused by coal mining is the main bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of economy and environment in coal mining area. The contradiction between min-ing of coal resources and protection of water re-sources will become more serious. China''s coal-rich regions are mainly distributed in north and northwest China. Only coal reserves in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Xinjiang provinces account for 73.1% of the total coal reserves. Groundwater resources in these coal-rich areas are relatively poor. Severe water shortage accounted for 71% of key mining areas and 40% of serious water shortages. The serious damage to underground water resources exacerbated the shortage of water resources in the mining areas, which is particularly prominent in the energy province of Shanxi. The fundamental reason is that the mining caused structural changes in aquifers, resulting in damage to groundwater resources, so that the groundwater resources from the original quality of water available for exploitation into the pit of mine water and drain away, undermine the groundwater fill row, and destroyed the hydrological surface condi-tions, undermined the surface water cycle, thus af-fecting the regional groundwater cycle situation.