区域政策、产业特性与中央企业空间布局演变

通过建立企业区位选择的“推力-拉力”模型, 本文考察了具有不同产业特性的央企在不同区域政策阶段的空间布局演化, 分析了区域政策、产业特性对央企空间布局的影响机制和影响过程。主要结论为:企业空间布局的动力来自内部推力与外部拉力, 前者由企业特征和产业特性组成, 后者由区域政策制度和区域条件组成。区域政策制度和产业特性是影响央企空间布局的主要因素。央企空间布局总体变化与区域政策的演变趋同, 但产业间存在差异。资本、资源密集型产业央企布局受区域政策和区域条件影响较强;劳动密集型产业央企布局偏好政策优惠及交通便利区域;高新技术、现代服务业央企对创新网络和社会资本等因素依赖较大, 布局受区域政策影响较弱;组织结构为区域部型、公共服务业、特殊行业的央企布局受外部拉力影响较弱。

Regional Policies, Industrial Attributes and the Evolution of Central Enterprises' Spatial Distribution

y creating a“push-pull”model for enterprises’location choices, this paper investigates the change of spatial distribution of the central enterprises with different characteristics at different stages of regional policies, and analyzes the mechanisms and the processes by which the regional policies and the enterprises’attributes affect their spatial distribution. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Driving force for the spatial distribution of the enterprises comes from pushing from inside and pulling from outside, with the former including enterprises’attributes and the industries’characteristics, and the latter including regional policies and regional conditions. (2) Regional policies and industries’characteristics are the major factors affecting the spatial distribution of central enterprises. (3) Overall the change of the spatial distribution of central enterprises coincides with the change of regional policies. However, differences exist between the industries. (4) The central enterprises in capital and resource- intensive industries are affected in large part by the regional policies and regional conditions, while those in the labor-intensive industries prefer the locations with preferential policies and easy transportations. The central enterprises in the high and new-technologies and modern service industries reply more on the factors such as the network of innovation and social capitals, and their spatial distribution is less affected by the regional policies. The central enterprises located at regional metropolises, and those in public services and special industries are hardly affected by the pulling forces from outside.