基于生态敏感性和生态系统服务的黑河中游生态功能区划与生态系统管理

生态功能区划是协调生态保护与经济发展的矛盾、实施区域生态系统管理的重要途径。以黑河中游为研究区，基于基础地理信息数据、自然地理数据和土地覆被数据（1986、1995、2000、2010、2011年），在生态敏感性和生态系统服务重要性分析的基础上，以最小子流域为基本单元，运用二阶聚类法进行生态功能区划；并依据主导生态系统服务对研究区进行分区管理与生态调控。得出结论：（1）黑河中游生态系统类型以荒漠、草地和农田为主，占总面积的90%；森林、水域、城镇与农村居民点零星分布，所占面积不到10%；1986-2010年，农田经历了减少-扩张-再减少的变化，但城镇与农村居民点一直呈现扩张趋势；（2）西北部生态敏感性明显高于东南部，其中极敏感区（约占24%）主要位于张掖-临泽-高台平原北侧、合黎山、祁连山山前戈壁与荒漠、肃南明花区；高度敏感区（约占58%）分布于走廊中部冲洪积平原；（3）各生态系统服务重要性空间分布格局具有一定的相似性，非常重要和极重要综合服务功能区约占3.2%，位于走廊中部的黑河干流缓冲区内；中等和一般重要地区约占20%，分布在山丹和民乐境内祁连山、焉支山、龙首山附近；（4）黑河中游可分为祁连山森林草地生态区、走廊冲洪积平原农田生态区和走廊北部平原灌丛荒漠生态区3个生态区8个生态功能区，依其主导生态系统服务分为生态保育区、生态协调区和生态控制区3类，进而提出了对应的生态系统管理措施。

Ecological Functions Regionalization and Ecosystem Management Based on the Ecological Sensitivity and Ecosystem Service in the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River

Ecological functions regionalization has become an important method to effectively coordinate the conflict of ecological protection and economic development, to achieve efficient management of regional ecosystems. This research chooses the middle reaches of the Heihe River as the study area. Based on the basic geographic information data, the natural geographic data and the land cover data(1986, 1995, 2000, 2010 and 2011), this research analyzes the ecological sensitivity and the importance of ecosystem services. Small subwatersheds are used as basic clustering units and ecological functions regionalization has achieved applying the two-step cluster method. Furthermore, dominant ecosystem services are identified and zoning management and ecological regulation is proposed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1)The main types of ecosystem in the middle reaches of the Heihe River are desert, grassland and farmland, the sum of the three accounts for more than 90% of the total area; Forest, water and residential area that occupied less than 10% have a sporadical distribution; During 1986 to 2010, the area of farmland reduced, increase and decreased, but the urban and rural settlements has a trend of expansion; (2) Northwest area is obviously more sensitive than southeast. The extremely sensitive area (which takes up about 24%) is distributed in the northern Zhang-lin-gao plain, the Heli Mountains, the Gobi desert front of the Qilian Mountains and the Sunan Minghua counties; The highly sensitive area( which accounts for about 58%) is mainly distributed in the alluvial diluvial plain in Hexi corridor; (3) The spatial pattern of three ecosystem services is similar, the extremely important area that occupies about 3.2% is located in the buffer of the Heihe River; The moderately important area that accounts for 20% is around the Qilian Mountains, Yanzhi Mountains, Longshou Mountains; (4) The middle reaches of the Heihe River can be divided into 3 ecological regions(including Qilian Mountains forest and glassland ecological region, the Hexi corridor alluvial and diluvial fan farmland ecological region, northern corridor fan shrub and desert ecological region) and 8 ecological function regions. Based on the dominant ecosystem services, the ecological function regions are classified as ecological protection zone, ecological coordination zone, ecological control zone, and ecosystem management tactics are proposed, accordingly. The results of the research can provide a reference for ecosystem management in the middle reaches of the Heihe River.