沙漠型旅游区体验项目承载力研究——以宁夏沙坡头景区为例

沙漠型旅游区依藉独具特色的自然景观资源而开发出的丰富多彩的体验项目已成为沙漠旅游最大的亮点和核心吸引物。但随着游客的快速增加，沙漠生态环境、游憩设施等受到较大冲击甚至突破容量极限，从而导致游客体验质量下降，影响到沙漠旅游的可持续发展。鉴于此，以宁夏典型沙漠型景区沙坡头为例，以最受游客欢迎的滑沙、黄河飞索、皮筏漂流、沙海冲浪和骆驼骑行等5类体验项目为研究对象，分别从资源本体及游客体验感知角度对承载力进行评估。结果表明：（1）各类项目实际游客接待量已接近或超过设施承载力上限，远高于游客体验最佳时的承载力水平；（2）限制不同类型项目承载力的关键因子有所差异；（3）游客体验承载力往往低于项目设施承载力水平。根据测评结果找出每类项目承载力的关键限制因子，并基于现有游客量预测了部分项目的可扩展承载力。

Bearing Capacity of Desert Tourist Experience Project:taking Shapotou of Ningxia as an example

Many experience projects have been developed in desert tourist areas based on unique natural landscape resources. These experience projects have become the largest bright spots and core attractions in desert tourism. With the rapid increase of tourists, the desert ecological environment and recreation facilities suffered significant impact and even broke through bearing capacity, which led to the decrease of the quality of the tourist experience, and affect the desert tourism sustainable development. Therefore, take Shapotou scenic area in Ningxia as an example, and take sandboarding, rope gliding over the Yellow River, rafting, sand surfing and camel riding as research projects, the paper evaluated bearing capacity of these experience projects from the angle of resource ontology and tourists experience perception. The results showed that:(1) The visitor numbers of all projects were close to or exceed the maximum bearing capacity of facilities, far above the best level of the visitors experience; (2) The key factors of the different projects to limit bearing capacity were different; (3) The bearing capacity of tourist experience was often below bearing capacity of project facilities. According to the evaluation result, we find out the key limiting factors of the bearing capacity of each project and predict extensible bearing capacity of some projects.