Simulation of the hydrocarbon structures using the P-SV wave solution

Numerical solution of the scalar and elastic wave equations has greatly aided geophysicists in modeling seismic wave fields in the complicated geologic structures containing hydrocarbons and hence increases the geologic interpretation. Finite-difference method offers a versatile approach to compute synthetic seismograms numerically for given subsurface complex geological structures. To avoid the spatial derivative of the elastic parameters and density, elastodynamic equation (first-order hyperbolic equation) has been solved using the Lax-Wendroff scheme. A numerical finite-difference modeling program has been developed for the P-SV wave using the above solution. A line source with a time delay of 0.015s and dominant frequency of 120 Hz has been utilized in the simulation. In order to avoid the large values of the displacement vector in the source region,Alterman andKaral's method (1968) has been utilized. Horizontal and vertical component synthetic seismograms have been computed for two different geological models with and without oil and gas bearing zones. It has been concluded from the response that a finite-difference technique not only yields the relative arrival times but also accounts for the variation in amplitude and phase according to the elastic impedance contrast across the interfaces. It should come as no surprise to learn that in spite of the limitation of this numerical method, the scheme has provided a valid response for the thin layer, high acoustic impedance contrast and the pinch out.