青岛城区土壤重金属环境地球化学研究

为研究青岛城区土壤的环境地球化学特征,对青岛市南区、市北区、四方区、李沧区、崂山区5区进行了广泛的土壤地质调查。在每1km2一个样品的取样密度下取得表层土样(0～10cm深度)319个,经前期处理后,利用多种仪器如X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)和等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)等分析测得所有样品的72种元素的含量,本文探讨了重金属元素Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn及类金属元素As的含量分布。结果表明,人类活动导致表层土壤中元素Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn含量的增加,而元素As、Cr和Ni主要是地质起源,但也会受到人类活动的影响。其中Zn的含量值变化较大,Zn元素含量值增高的地区是工业、交通密集处等人类活动频繁的地区。

Environmental geochemistry of heavy metals in urban soils of Qingdao City

In order to study the environmental geochemical characteristics of urban soils in Qingdao, the authors carried out an extensive soil geological survey in the Shinan, Shibei, Sifang, Licang and Chengyang districts of Qingdao City. A total of 319 surface soil samples (at 0-10 cm depth) were taken with a density of 1 sample per 1 km2. The concentrations of 72 elements in the soil samples were determined with several analytic instruments including XRF, ICP-OES, ICP-MS and so on. This paper only discusses the heavy metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, as well as the metalloid As. Study indicates that human activities lead to the increase of concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in topsoils. As, Cr and Ni are mostly of geologic origin, but they are also affected by anthropogenic activity. The concentration of Zn varies more greatly than those of other elements. The increase of Zn concentrations is caused by heavy industrial operations and traffic in areas where human activities are frequent.