水体铜对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)代谢酶活力的影响

采用生态学单因子梯度试验方法,研究了水环境中添加0·01、0·10、1·00、5·00mg/L的铜(Cu2 )对中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺、血淋巴和鳃代谢酶活力的影响。结果表明,随着Cu2 浓度的增高,肝胰腺和血淋巴的铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-Zn SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力和血蓝蛋白均呈先增加后减少的变化趋势。鳃钠钾三磷酸腺苷酶(Na ,K -ATPase)、钙镁三磷酸腺苷酶(Ca2 ,Mg2 -ATPase)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活力均随着Cu2 浓度的增高而降低。随着Cu2 浓度的增高,肝胰腺髓性过氧化物酶(MPO)活力呈先减少后增加的变化趋势。水环境中添加0·01mg/L Cu2 就可对中华绒螯蟹代谢酶产生显著影响,并随着Cu2 浓度的增高,对中华绒螯蟹机体的影响逐渐加剧。表明代谢酶活力的变化可以灵敏地反映Cu2 的胁迫程度和毒性。

EFFECTS OF WATER-BORNE COPPER ON ACTIVITIES OF METABOLISM ENZYMES IN ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS

Effect of water-borne copper Cu~ 2 in different concentrations (0.00, 0.01, 0.10, 1.00, 5.00mg/L) on activities of several main metabolic enzymes in hepatopancreas, hemolymph and gill of Eriocheir sinensis were studied by Single Gradient Factor Experiments. The result showed early rise-up and later fall-down Curve in Cu-Zn SOD activity in hepatopancreas, with increasing of Cu~ 2 level and the turn-over point of 26.018U/mg at 1.00mg/L Cu~ 2 . The maximum activities of ACP (170.861U/mg) and AKP (267.238U/mg) were observed at 0.10mg/L Cu~ 2 , while the minimum activities of ACP (123.879U/mg) and AKP (133.244U/mg) were at 5.00mg/L Cu~ 2 . The activity of MPO was significantly different between the controls and treated groups when Cu~ 2 level rises. The lowest (1.605U/g) and highest value (8.743U/g) of the enzyme were at the water-borne of 0.01mg/L Cu~ 2 and 5.00mg/L Cu~ 2 , respectively. Gill impairment by Na~ , K~ -ATPase and Ca~ 2 , Mg~ 2 -ATPase activities occurred when exposed to water-borne Cu~ 2 , obtaining the highest and lowest value in the controls and 5.00mg/L Cu~ 2 treated group, respectively. In hemolymph the activity of Cu-Zn SOD increased in the beginning and then decreased when Cu~ 2 concentration increased, highest (229.047U/ml) activities at 1.00mg/L Cu~ 2 and lowest (199.539U/ml) at 5.00mg/L Cu~ 2 . The highest activity of GPT (38.132U/L) was obtained in the controls, while the lowest one (0.024U/L) was observed at 5.00mg/L Cu~ 2 group. Increasing Cu~ 2 level was also associated with the activity of ACP, showing early increase at the peak of 3.529U/100ml and later decrease being at the trough of 2.171U/100ml corresponding to 0.10 and 5.00mg/L Cu~ 2 , respectively. Similarly the activity of AKP peaked to 2.496U/100ml at 0.10mg/L Cu~ 2 and dipped to 1.642U/100ml at 1.00mg/L Cu~ 2 . In addition, hemocyanin activity in the hemolymph exhibited a trend of early up and later down, 485.227U/L the maximum at 0.10mg/L Cu~ 2 and the minimum 89.200U/L at 5.00mg/L Cu~ 2 . It should be emphasized that a significant impairment to metabolism enzymes can occur even at 0.01mg/L Cu~ 2 , a very low level that is in the range of National Water Quality Standard for Fisheries (GB11607-89). The changes in the activities of enzyme can be used as a sensitive biomarker to Cu~ 2 toxicity for E. sinensis. More species-specified national water quality standards are suggested to be applied to different economic animals.