中哈边境地区旅游廊道空间布局与发展系统

在国家“一带一路”倡议以及国务院关于支持沿边重点地区开发开放的大背景下，新疆丰富多样的边境旅游资源迫切需要寻找可行的路径加以释放。如何围绕边境旅游主题构建旅游产业要素线性空间，将是边境旅游发展需要从空间上思考和突破的关键问题。以“点-轴”理论为基础，运用中心职能指数和引力模型的定量方法分析中哈边境地区旅游节点、旅游廊道及其旅游地发展系统，对促进边疆地区旅游产业要素自由流动，形成布局合理、功能完善、特色鲜明的目的地形象具有重要的参考价值。研究表明：中哈边疆地区一级旅游节点有5个，二级旅游节点有7个；一级廊道节点段5个，二级廊道节点段11个；四大旅游地发展系统为哈吉民族风情边境旅游系统、塔城生态休闲边境旅游系统、博温康养度假边境旅游系统和霍霍察昭文化古迹边境旅游系统。

Spatial distribution of tourism corridor and development system in the China-Kazakhstan border area

With its special political function and obvious contrast, the border area has become a tourist destination with great attraction and potential development. The development and prosperity of border tourism can promote the social and cultural exchanges, integration and dissemination of the border areas, and also the development of regional economy and the evolution and upgrading of traditional industries. The rich and various border tourism resources in Xinjiang, China need to find viable paths to release within the overall context of the Belt and Road initiative and the policy about the State Department supporting to exploit and open the border. On the basis of"point-axis"theory, the tourism nodes, the tourism development corridors and the tourism destination development systems of the China-Kazakhstan border tourism area were analyzed by the central function index and the gravity model. The study finds that Horgos, Bole, Tacheng, Zhaosu and Huocheng are the first-grade tourism nodes; Hebukesaier, Alashankou, Wenquan, Habahe, Chabuchaer, Yumin, Emin are the secondary-grade tourism nodes. Tacheng-Bole, Bole-Huocheng, Huocheng-Horgos, Horgos-Zhaosu are the first-grade corridors of tourism development, Tacheng-Emin, Tacheng-Yumin, Yumin-Emin, Bole-Wenquan, Horgos-Chabuchaer, Huocheng-Chabuchaer are the secondary-grade corridors of tourism development. Considering the factors of regional characteristics, tourism resources, historical development of the China-Kazakhstan border tourism area based on the nodes and corridors, four tourism destination development systems have been produced: Ha-Ji national style border tourism system, Tacheng ecological leisure border tourism system, Bo-Wen health preservation holiday border tourism system, and Huo-Huo-Cha-Zhao cultural relics border tourism system. Base on the"point-axis"theory, the four major tourist destination systems are to support the first and secondary grade corridor development. According to geographical location, resources, development status and strategic positioning, each tourist destination system has different functions, different themes and distinctive characteristics of personality in the process of development. Border tourism development should create brand effect with the interconnection, complement, source sharing and common development.