黄河冲积扇发育研究述评

黄河冲积扇是第四纪以来多期沉积建造的冲积扇复合体,它既是来自黄土高原的泥沙强烈堆积的地貌单元,又是历代河流决口改道的地区,也是华夏文明的发源地。在回顾了黄河冲积扇发育的研究历史的基础上,详细介绍了黄河冲积扇的形成时代、地貌类型与沉积速率,形成过程与特点等方向的研究进展,系统地论述了河道变迁、地质构造、气候变化以及人类活动等因素对黄河冲积扇形成的影响作用。并指出目前黄河冲积扇的发育研究中还存在着研究深度不够和时空的广度不完整等问题。史前黄河冲积扇的发育研究将成为今后研究中的难点。

A review on development of the Yellow River alluvial fan

The Yellow River alluvial fan is an alluvial fan complex composed of multi-stage sediment sequences since the Quaternary. It is a geomorphic unit formed by intensive deposition of sediments eroded from the Loess Plateau, and thus a region with frequent breach and diversion. It is also the cradle of Chinese civilization. After a historical review of the development of the Yellow River alluvial fan, this paper systematically introduces the advances of studies concerning the Yellow River alluvial fan formation age, geomorphological characteristics, deposition rate, developmental process and characteristics, overviews in detail, the influence of river diversion, geological structure, climate change and human activities on the alluvial fan formation. Due to the insufficient studies of development mechanism and incomplete temporal-spatial scale at present, the research concerning the prehistoric alluvial fan development of the Yellow River will be a challenge in the future.