湿地土壤水源涵养功能研究进展

湿地土壤依靠孔隙而发挥水源涵养功能,广义的湿地土壤水源涵养功能是指湿地土壤内多个水文过程及其水文效应的综合表现,而狭义的湿地土壤水源涵养功能仅指湿地土壤蓄水。主要从土壤水源涵养的机制、计算方法、土壤蓄水量及其对径流调节、影响土壤蓄水的因素等几个方面对当前湿地土壤水源涵养功能的研究进行了综述。土壤涵养水源是由于水分能在土壤孔隙中的存储、持留和运转。从力学的角度看,水分主要依赖于吸附力、毛管力和重力作用而持留。湿地土壤蓄水能力的3种计算方法各有优缺点,计算时应结合湿地水文波动的实际情况而选择。不同类型湿地的土壤蓄水能力因土壤本身性质而异。湿地土壤蓄水能力受土壤粒径组成、结构、孔隙、有机质和含水量等因素的影响,同时受自然及人为因素的调控。针对当前湿地土壤蓄水能力研究的不足,指出应加强对湿地蓄水能力的定量研究及计算方法的探讨;同时,土地利用对湿地土壤水源涵养功能影响的研究也需进一步加强。

Function of Water Conservation of Wetland Soil:A Review

Wetland soil conserves water mainly by its pores.The function of water conservation of wetland soil refers to the comprehensive performance of multi-hydrological processes in wetland soil and their hydrological effects,in broad senses,or water storage of wetland soil in narrow senses.This paper mainly reviewed the narrow one by discussing the mechanism of soil water conservation,calculating methods of soil water storage capacity,water storage capacity of wetlands soil and its influence on runoff as well as factors influence of soil water capacity.Three methods were used to calculate soil storage capacity currently have their own advantages and disadvantages.So,choices of them must take into account the periodic and non-periodic hydrological fluctuations in wetlands.Water storage capacity of soil varied among different types of the wetlands because of their soil properties.Soil water storage capacity is influenced by porosity,particle size distribution,soil structure,organic matter,soil moisture,etc.,and controlled by environmental conditions and anthropogenic activities.Regarding the deficiency of study on water storage capacity of wetland soil,we emphasize quantitative studies and calculating methods.Also,more researches need to be done in the impact of land use on function of water conservation of wetland soil.