湿地生态系统中主要功能微生物研究进展

阐述了湿地生态系统中主要功能微生物的多样性特点,以及主要功能微生物群落结构多样性在地域、环境、湿地类型中的差异;概括了主要功能微生物在湿地中污染物的降解、温室气体释放等方面的作用;概述了氨氧化微生物、产甲烷古菌和甲烷氧化细菌、反硝化细菌和真菌以及硫酸盐还原菌与硫氧化细菌等主要功能微生物的相关研究进展;总结了植被和养分元素对湿地生态系统中微生物影响的研究成果。针对各种外在因素影响湿地微生物的详细机制尚不明确,湿地生态系统中植被与微生物多样性的关系存在争议,以及湿地微生物在净化污水、温室气体排放等方面功能类群及分布特点研究相对匮乏等问题,提出了湿地功能微生物研究的发展方向。

Research Progress on Main Functional Microorganisms in Wetland Ecosystems

Recently,due to degradation of environments and air quality,the ecological functions of the wetlands have been widely highlighted.This paper summarized recent research progress on functional microorganisms in the wetlands,introduced the characteristics of microbial diversity in the wetlands,the microbial community diversity in the wetlands differed with the regions,environments and types of the wetlands,and the roles of the wetland microorganisms in pollutant degradation and greenhouse gas emission;researches on the main functional microorganisms such as ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms,methanogenic archaea,methane-oxidizing bacteria,denitrifying bacteria and fungi,sulfate-reducing and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria;and the influences of vegetations and nutrition elements on the wetland functional microorganisms.In the last,further researches aimed at analysis of mechanism of external factors’ affecting on the wetland functional microorganisms,the relationships between wetland vegetation and microbial diversity,and the reveal of the roles of wetland functional microorganisms and their ecological distribution patterns in purification of the sewage and emission of greenhouse gases were also pointed in the paper.